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A® GUIDE® TO Xhe Same 

AND VICINITY 

WITH 
MAPS & ILLUSTRATIONS 

SMITH,BLEAKLEY&©. 



853 BROADWAY NEW YORK 



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PLACES OF INTEREST 



Grace Church, 

Broadway and loth st 

New York Hiatorical Society, 

3nd av and nth >t 

The Bible House, 

4th av , 8th and 9th sU 

Astor Library, I^fayelle |)l 

Wasliington Arch, 

Sth av., at Washington »q 

Cooper Institute, ^tU av and 7lh si 

St. Augustine Chapel, 

Houston St., near Bowery 

Ludlow Street Jail, 

Ludlow St., near Grand 

Mulberry Bend, 

Mulbei-ry St., near Bayard 

Five Points Mission, 

Worth St., bet. Parl< & Baxter 

Newsboys' Lodging House, 

Park Row & New Chambers «t 

The Tombs, 

Centre, bet. Leonard & Franklin 

B^ast River Suspension Bridge, 

Park Row 

County Court House, 

Broadway and Chambers st 

City Hall, 

Brv)adway, opp. Warren st 

Post Office, 

Broadway and Park Rcw 

The Astor House, 

Broadway and Veaey it 

St. Paul's Chapel, 

Broadway and Veaey .it 

John St. Methodist Church, 

4.^ John st 

Western Union Telegi*aph Co. 

Broadway and Dey st 

Real Estate Exchange, 

57 Liberty st 

Chamber of Commerce, 

Broadway and Cedar st 

l^iuilable Building, 

Biy>adway and Pine 91 

Trinity Churcli, 

Broadway op. Wall st 

Slock Exchange, 

Broad and Wall sis 

Petroleum Exchange, 

Broadway and Exchange pi 

Maritime Exchange, 

Bowling Green and Beaver st 

Produce Exchange, 

Bowling Green 

Barge OHfice, Battery Park 




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AMUSenENTS. 



Amberg Thftatre. 

E i5lh al and Irving pi 
Berkeley Lyceum, 

W 44th St.. near 5th av 
Bijou Theatre. 

Broadway, near joth 9I 
Broadway 'theatre, 

Bn>adway and 41st at 
Carnegie Hall, W sTih St and 7th a» 
Casino, Broadway and 39th at 
Clilckerintc Hall, 5II1 av and iSlh at 
Columbus Theatre, 

E i35(h St and Lexington a» 
Dalya Theatre, 

Broadway and 30th at 
Eden Musee, W J3rd St., near iSth a» 
ElRhlh Street Theatre, 

E 8lh St., near Broadway 
Fifth Avenue 1 heatre, 

Broadway and s8th st 
Fourteenth Street Theatre, 

W 14th at., near 6th av 
Garden Theatre, 

Madison av ajid 27th st 
Grand Opera House, 

8th av and 33rti st 
Hardnian Hall, sth av., near i8th st 
Hariem Opera House, 

W 135th at , near 7th av 
Harlem Theatre, 

E ijsth St., near 3d av 
HarriRSn's Theatre, 

W 35th St., near (kh av 
Herrmnn's Theatre, 

Broadway, near 29th st 
Jacobs' Third Avenue Theatre, 



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Lexington Av Opera House, 

sath St., near 3rd av 
l,oiidon Theatre, 335 & 937 Bowery 
Lyceum Theatre, 

4th av., near 33rd st 
Lyric Hall, 723 6th av 
Madison Square Theatre, 

W 34th St.. near Broadway 
Madison Square Garden, 

Madison av and a6th st 
ManhaHan Opera House, 

W 34lh St., near Broadway 
Metropolitan Opera House, 

Broadway and 39th st 
Miner's Theatre, 

Bowery, near Bnwme 
Miner's Theatre, 310 Sth av 
Nlblo's Garden, 

Broadway, near Pi-ince st 
Palmer's Theatre, 

Broadway and 30th SI 
I'ark Theatre, 

Broadway and 3stb st 
People's Theatre, 

Bowery, near Spring st 
Proctor's Theatre, 

W 33rd St., near 6th av 
Standard Theatre, 

Broadway, near 33rd st 
Star Theatre, Broadway and 13th at 
Sleinway Hall, 

Ei4lh St., near 4th av 
ThaUa Tliealre, 

Bowery, near Canal st 
Tony Pastor's Theatre, 

E .4th St., near 3rd av 
Union Square Theatre. 

Union sq., near Broadway 
Wiodaor Theatre. 

Bowery, near Canal st 



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PRINCIPAL HOTELS 



Aberdeen. B'way & a>»t. 
Albemarle, BVav and ajlh. 
Allman House, 67 E loth- 
Ashland, 4th av and 54th. 
Aslor House, B way "P I ■ " 
Barrett House, BVay and 43d. 
Belvedere, 4th av and iSth. 
Belmont 141 Fulton «• 
Brevoort House, i. Fifth av. 
Bradfoi-d, 65 Eleventh St. 
Bristol, i; E- "th. 
BrxTadwavCentr-aUj.ffway. 
Brower House, n W. sSth. 
Bucldneham, 5th av and solh. 
CsmbWage, 334 F'/th a»- . . 
Canda House, .7 Laf^y^'* P'- 
Clarendon, 4lh ^v. and i8lh. 

Coleman House, Broadway 61 37<n 

Colonnade, 7^6 Broadwav. 

Complon House, 3d av. & 34"! 

Continental, 902 Broadway. 

Cosmo|)olitan, Chambers and W. 
B'way. 

Crook's, 118 Park row. 

Dclmonico's, Madison bq 

Earle's, Canal cor Centie. 

Everett House, 4th av and 17th. 

Fifth Ave.. 5lh av and 23d. 

Gednev House, B way and 40th. 

Cerlacli, 55 W. aytli, 

Gllsey House, B way and aoth. 

Gladstone. 8lh Ave and sQth bl 

Gramercy Park. E aoth n. 3d av. 

Grand, B'way and 31st. 

Grand Union, 4th av. and jii- 

Holland House, 5th av and 30th st. 

Hoffman House, mi B'way. 

Hotel Albeit, ..IhnrB way. 

Hotel America, lr\ing pi. and 1511 

Hotel Bartholdi. B'way and 23d. 

Hotel Bristol, sih av and 4ad. 

Hotel Brunswick. 235 Fifth av. 

Hotel Dam, 104 E. 15th. 

Hotel de Lugcrol, 5th av and iSth 

Hotel d'l Europe, 337 E. 14th. 

Hotel Devonshire, 42d n Mad av. 

Hotel F-spanol, 116 w. i4tb. 

Hotel Glenham, 155 Fifth av. 

Hotel Hamilton, 284 W. ijslh 

Hotel Imperial, B'way and 32d. 

Hotel Kensington, jlh av and 15th 

Hotel Marlborough, B'way & 36th. 

Hotel Martin, 21 University pi. 

Hotel Metropole, B'way 

Hotel Monico, 7 E. 181K. 

Hotel Nnrmandie, B'way & 38th 

Hotel St. George. 49 F, 12th. 

Hotel St. Marc 432 Fifth av. 

Hotel St. Stephen, 46 E. nth. 

Hotel Vendome, B'way and 

Hotel Waldorf, 5th av & 33d St. 

Hotel Wellington, 42d & Mad. av. 

Hotel Winthrop, Tthavand laslh. 

International, 17 Park row. 

Lafayette House, 7 Lafayette pi. 

Langham, 5th av & 5«d. 

Leggetta, 76 Park row. 

Lenox House, 72 Fitth av. 

Madison Ave., Mad. av and 58th. 

Madison Square, Mad. av and 27th 

Metropolitan, B'way and lYince. 

Morton House, B'way and 14th. 

Mt. Morris, 3d av and 130th. 

Murray Hill, Park av and 40th. 

New Vork, 721 B'wav. 

New Amsterdam, 4th av & 2i8t. 

New Netherland, sIh av & 59th. 

Occidental, Broome and Bowery. 

Oriental, B'way and 39th. 

Parker House, B'way & 34th. 

Park Aveiiue, Park av and 33d. 

Pla?a, 5th av and 59th. 

Putnam, 363 4lh av. 

Revere, 606 Broadway. 
Savoy, 5th av sglh 
S(. Charles, 648 Broadway. 
St. Cloud, Broadway and 42d. 
St. Denis, Broadway and nth. 
St. James, Broadway and 36th. 
SI. Marc, 445 ilh Av 
St. Nicholas. B'way and \V 
St. Omer, 6th av and 23rd 
Shelbourne, 34th and 3rd av 
Sherwood, stn av and 44tli, 
Sinclair House, 754 Broadway 
Smith & McNeil's, 197 Washington. 
Spingler House University pi., 14th 
Stirling, 73 5th av. 
Sturtevant, 1186 Broadway. 
Sweeney's, 23 Duane 
Tremont, 663 Broadway 
Union Square, 16 Union sq 
United Stales, Fulton and Water 
VanderbiJt, 42d and Lexington av 
Victoria, 5th av and 37th 
Westminster, Irving pi and i6th 
Windsor, 5th av anB 46th 




lircLvrn hy J. Hart 



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-IHPICTORIHLI*- 



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CONTENTS. 



NEW YORK CITY. 

Page. 

The Harbor • 9 

The Battery to Trinity Church 16 

Wall Street 25 

Broadway and its Neighborhood — from Wall Street to Union Square 31 

Fifth Avenue and its Neighborhood 57 

Central Park 77 

Morningside and Riverside Parks — General Grant's Tomb — Washington and High Bridges 

—The Harlem River 89 



BROOKLYN. 



Fulton Street — Plymouth Chm-ch — East River Bridge Terminus — City HaU — Kings 
County Court House — Municipal Building — Statue of Henry Ward Beecher — Fort 
Greene — Raymond Street Jail — City Hospital — Academies of Music and Design — 
Long Island Historical Society — Church of the Pilgrims — Brooklyn Tabernacle — 

Clinton Avenue — Navy Yard — United States Naval Lyceum — Naval Hospital 95 

Prospect Park — Memorial Arch — Carriage Concourse — Ocean Parkway, etc 106 

Greenwood Cemetery — The Main Enti-ance — The John Matthews' Monument — Bronze 
Bust of Horace Greeley— Chapel Monument to Miss Mary Dancer — The James Gor- 
don Bennett Statuary Group, etc. , etc 107 

Coney Island — HctH'? and A nusemAnts — Rockaway Beach — Long Beach, Babylon 110 

Jersey Coast 113 

Hudson River 115 

. Looking Backwab 120 



'iE: i.RAL INFORMATION. 

Amusements — Banks — Baggage Inspection — Charities and Corrections — Churches — 
Elevated Railroads — Express Service — Fine Arts — Fire Department — Foreign 
Consuls — Hack and Cab Fares — Health Department— Hotels — Law Courts — Leading 
Clubs — Libraries — Markets — Messenger Service — National Guard — Newspapers — 
Postal Information — Police Department — Races — Restaurants — Routes of Travel — 
Societies — Sports — Street Car Lines — Telegraph and Cable Rates — Tiirkish and 
Russian Baths — Telephone — Waterway Transportation — Yachting — Population 
of Large Cities 125 

Looking Forward 169 

Copyright 1892, by George F. Smith 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



PAGE. 

Statue of Liberty Frontispiece. 

The Obelisk— Central Park Title Page. 

U. S. S. Chicago — in the Upper Bay ... 9 

View from the East River Bridge 11 

Governor's Island 13 

The Battery 15 

U. S. Barge Office 16 

Produce Exchange— Bowling Green 19 

Trinity Church 21 

Trinity Church from Wall Street 23 

A Public Meeting on the Steps of the 

Sub-Treasury 24 

Drexel Building and Stock Exchange . . 25 

The Mills' Building— Broad Street 27 

A Morning Stroll down Broadway 29 

Statue of Ben Franklin— Park Row 31 

St. Paul's Chapel— Broadway 33 

Street Railway Terminus — Park Row . . 35 

County Court House 36 

City Hall 37 

Post-Office and Times Building — Park 

Row 39 

World, Sun and Tribune — Portrait of 

Horace Greeley 41 

East River Suspension Bridge 43 

Foot-path — East River Bridge 44 

Mulberry Bend 46 

Chatham Square 48 

Essex Street 49 

Grace Church 51 

Statue of Lafayette— Union Square 53 

Statue of Washington — Union Square . . 55 

Fifth Avenue Omnibus 56 

The Washington Arch 57 

Afternoon — Madison Square 59 

Madison Square Garden 61 

The New Herald Building 63 

Thirty-thu-d Street Uptown Station, 

Sixth Avenue Elevated Railroad. . . 64 

Metropolitan Opera House 65 

Grand Central Railroad Depot 66 



PAGE. 

Manhattan Athletic Club 67 

Temple Emanu-El 68 

St. Patrick's Cathedral 71 

Vanderbilt Houses 72 

Seventh Regiment Armory 73 

Eighth Regiment Armory 75 

The Bridle-path— Central Park 76 

Boat House on the Lake — Central Park. 77 

The Menagerie — Central Park 79 

Sea Lions — Central Park 80 

Statue of Shakespeare — Central Park. . . 81 

The Terrace— Central Park 82 

Bethesda Fountain — Central Park 84 

Metropolitan Museum of Art — Central 

Park 87 

View on the Lake — Central Park 89 

Riverside Park Sketches 91 

Washington Bridge — Harlem River 92 

City Hall and Court House — Brooklyn . 94 

View in Prospect Park — Brooklyn 95 

Statue of Henry Ward Beecher — Brook- 
lyn 97 

Weschler and Abraham's Store — Brook- 
lyn 99 

The Approach to Fort Greene — Brooklyn 100 

Brooklyn Tabernacle — Brooklyn 101 

A Dock at the Navy Yard— Brooklyn. . . 103 
Memorial Arch — Er trance to Prospect 

Park— Brooklyn 107 

Main Entrance o Greenwood Cemetery 

— Brooklyi 109 

Manhattan Be? Hotel— Coney Island. 110 
Bathing at ~V ""^ighton- Coney Is- 
land Ill 

The Jersey Cob jading 113 

Hudson River i nboat 115 

The Palisades on .;he Hudson River. ... 116 
View from West Point— Hudson River. 117 
Washington's Headquarters— Newburg 
— Hudson River 119 



MAPS. 

New York— Section 1— From the Battery to Fourteenth Street. 

New York— Section 2— From Fourteenth to Fifty-ninth Streets. 

New York— Section 3— From Fifty-ninth to One Hundred and Tenth Streets. 

New York— Section 4— From One Hundred and Tenth to Two Hundred and Fourth Streets. 

New York— Section 5— From Two Hundred and Fourth Street to City Line. 

The Harbor and Suburbs of New York and Brooklyn— Page 8. 

Brooklyn — Opposite Page 94. 



The Illustrations and Maps are from Drawings and Photographs made expressly for this -work. 



PREFACE. 



The picturesque points of interest in any of the great capitals of the 
world of necessity bear a certain resemblance to each other. This resem- 
blance, however slight it may be, arises from the fact that the needs and 
conveniences of mankind are the same all the world over. 

But there are points of difference as well, owing- to the influence of race, 
climate and nationality^ and it is to these that the value of pictorial illustra- 
tion IS due. 

The City of New York now takes metropolitan rank. It is no longer a 
provincial town ; it is a great city, classing with London, Paris, Berlin and 
Vienna. 

For this reason it seems to the publishers that there is room for a 
thoroughly artistic Guide to New York and Brooklyn, which sister cities, 
like human twins, are the same at the core, although perhaps, different in 
outward development. The guide books hitherto published are merely 
collections, more or less correct, of bare facts, in some instances emphasized 
by sketches equally bare. 

In order to raise the present publication above this level, the publishers 
engaged Mr. Charles Lotin Hildreth, the well-known poet and essayist, and 
Mr. Frederic Lyster, whose literary work is known all over the English 
speaking world, to write the descriptive narrative in which the topographical 
information necessary to a perfect guide book is conveyed in a current style, 
which, while thoroughly correct in detail, is never dry. 

The artistic department, which is really the main feature of the work, 
has been executed under the personal supervision, and mostly from the 
designs, of Mr. George Smith, whose mere name is a guarantee of excellence. 

A peculiar feature of this publication is shown in the sectional maps, 
which have been prepared with anxious care and accuracy. They are easily 
understood, and legibl}' inscribed. 

It may, perhaps, be thought that the size of the book is too great, but it 
must be remembered that art has its limits, and that a miciuscopic picture is 
seldom effective ; a certain space is necessary for pictorial dignity, and clear 
type is soothing to eyes weary with sight-seeing. 

The proper place for an Artistic Guide Book is the study table, and the 
proper way to lay out the day's doings is on the evening before by the glow 
of the lamp. Thi« book is planned to be not only a guide to the feet, but a 
light to the eyes. 

Of course, the plan of the work includes the mention of business names, 
but its value depends upon the disinterested character of that mention. The 
publishers, therefore, pledge themselves that no consideration has governed 
the notice of places of business or amusement, except that of giving the reader 



PEEFACE. 7 

reliable information, and for this reason also it has been decided to refuse all 
offers of advertisements, however tempting. 

It has also seemed fitting to abstain from critical remarks on the various 
merits or demerits of the styles of performance given in the places of amuse- 
ment mentioned in their proper places. Tastes differ, and what is pleasing to 
Smith may be abhorrent to Jones, and barely tolerable to Robmson. So the 
places are given, the manner of work to be seen is stated, and the reader is 
left to his own judgment, on the principle " You pay 3'our money and you 
take your choice." 

Likewise, long dry-as-dust statistics and history have been sparingly 
used. The "Pictorial New York and Brooklyn" aims rather to set these 
cities before the reader as they are now than as they were of old. That is 
work for archaeologists, and more becoming to the pages of a magazine than 
to those of an artistic and literary topographical book. 

Neither has it been deemed wise to indulge in high-flown boastings on 
the greatness of the twin cities ; nor in disquisitions of our magnificence to 
come. Our metropolis, with its attendant sister cit}', can afford to speak for 
themselves in our pages. 

New York and Brooklyn, combined, stand so immeasurably at the head 
of American cities, that even this trifling allusion to an uncontro verted and 
incontrovertible fact is a work of supererogation. 

In conclusion, the editor calls attention to one important fact, which has 
been carefully studied and sedulously attended to. 

The difficulties attending such a production, in a city that is forced by 
nature to extend its bounds longitudinally, and is, therefore, a scene of constant 
change, are almost insurmountable, and, to keep up to date in a community 
that is perpetually stretching out its tentacles in search of " fresh fields and 
pastures new," strongly savors of the task of Sisyphus. Nevertheless, the 
attempt has been made, and the publishers are fain to think, with success. 
"That, however, remains for the reader to determine. One thing is certain : no 
time, pains nor money, have been grudged to make Pictorial New York and 
Brooklyn as perfect as a book can be, both in accuracy of information and 
picturesqueness of showing; and so " vogue la galere ! " 

The Editor. 



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r. S. S. CHICAGO 

IN THE UPPER BAY 



THE HARBOR. 



3^ew York: Harbor is divided into two portions, knovm as the Upper 
Bay, roughlv circular in form, about six miles in diameter, measuring 
from the Batterv to the northernmost point of Staten Island, and ahnost 
entirely land-locked— and the Lower Bay, a rude isosceles triangle with its 
base to the South, and measuring something over twelve miles from the Isar- 



10 THE HARBOR. 

rows to Port Monmouth on the New Jersey shore. On a clear, crisp day in 
autumn, when the air is as pellucid, as crystal, and the broad expanse of water 
flashes and sparkles in the sun, and the waves, deep green in the hollows, 
break into snowy crests of foam; when the scattered clouds, amber-hued and 
silver-fring-ed, lie motionless in the violet sky, like tall galleons becalmed in a 
tropic sea; when the sailing vessels seem resting upon the surface of the 
element like water-fowl with expanded wings, or moving slowly before the 
gentle wind, and the dark bulks of steamers trail their long pennons of 
smoke behind them, or heavily laden excursion boats, with gay flags and 
streamers, and bands playing the last popular air or waltz, pass swiftly on 
their way to the many sea-side resorts on Long Island or the New Jersey 
coast — on such a day New York harbor presents a picture not soon to be 
forgotten. 

Fire Island beach, Long Island and its beacon are generally the first 
objects sighted by incoming vessels, and it is from this beacon that the ap- 
proach of ships is signalled to New York City. Fire Island has of late years 
become a very fashionable sea-side watering place, and^large hotels and rows 
of cottages dot the sands of what was, not many years since, a dreary and 
desolate bank, the home of a few adventurous fishermen, not too scrupulous 
as wreckers and the terror of shipmasters. 

Sandy Hook lies to the southwest, and as the vessel continues on its 
course, threading the channel among dangerous spits and hidden shoals, the 
passenger observes, by day, a long smoke-like streak upon the horizon, and 
by night two brilliant lights close together. The streak is Sandy Hook, a 
long curved strip of sand, shifting yesuv by 3'ear, and even month by month, 
under the combined influence of wind and water; and the two lights are the 
twin beacons on the Navesink Highlands, a line of bold bluffs, separated from 
the Hook by a narrow stream called the Shrewsbury River. As the incoming 
steamer swiftly advances the passenger will notice on the Hook, near which 
he will pass, a lighthouse, two beacons, a telegraph tower, from which also 
ships are signaled, a fort partly finished — and never to be finished, probably, 
owing to the insecurity of the sandy foundation — used for target practice with 
heavy ordnance by the Government, and a dreary waste of sand sparsely cov- 
ered with scrub oaks and stunted pines among which stand a few summer cot- 
tages. ■ Just beyond the Hook is an indentation in the coast called Sand}^ 
Hook Ba3% and beyond it, to the west, a second indentation known as Raritan 
Bay. Into this latter empties the Raritan River and Arthur Kill which, with 
the Kill Von Kull, forms a long narrow strait separating Staten Island from 
the New Jersey coast. 

:Norton's Point, the western extremity of that most popular of re- 
sorts, Coney Island, next comes into view on the right hand, with its collection 
of hotels, pavilions, saloons and restaurants. The steamer has now turned 
northward, following the channel and is moving up the Lower Bay, having 
Coney Island on the east and Staten Island on the west. On the east the 
shore makes a deep curve called Gravesend Bay, and the green slopes are 
dotted with villas and farms, with two pretty villages, Bensonhurst-by-the- 
Sea and Bath Beach. 



12 THE HARBOE. 

Staten Island, as we have said, is now on the passenger's left hand. 
It is a large island, some fourteen or fifteen miles in its longest diameter,, 
somewhat resembling a leg of mutton in outline, and rising in hills of moder- 
ate height towards the center. Its political designation is Richmond County ; 
it is a portion of New York State, and contains some of the oldest hamlets 
and houses in this section of the country. Just off the coast of Staten Island 
are the Upper and Lower Quarantine. The Ship Illinois, anchored off shore 
from May to November, is the first station of the quarantine service, and 
from this ship all vessels from infected ports are boarded by the health 
officers. Three miles above the Illinois are two islets artificially made on 
sunken reefs, known as Swinburn and Hoffman Islands. On the former is 
situated the hospital for contagious diseases, while passengers from ports 
where infectious diseases are rife are quarantined for a certain period on the 
latter island. Staten Island has many places of interest for the foreigner, 
chief among them being the famous "Sailor's Snug Harbor," an institution, 
most liberally endowed, providing for the care of old seamen of all nation- 
alities, and affording them a comfortable home for the waning years of their 
lives. There are several places of public resort and amusement on the island, 
among them St. Georges, which is also the home of Erastus Wiman, who 
from his great wealth and influence has been jestingly called "The King of 
Staten Island." 

Tlie Narro-ws is a contracted strait, about two and one-half miles 
long, between the northeastern corner of Staten Island and the Long Island 
shore where the waters of the Upper Bay pour themselves into the Lower. 
The Narrows is the gateway for ocean travel, and frequently a dozen large 
steamers and twice as many sailing vessels, not to speak of smaller craft of 
all descriptions, may be seen breasting its turbulent waters coming or going- 
from the metropolis. On the left hand, at the narrowest point, is Fort Wads- 
worth, a structure of stone supplemented by a system of earthworks on the 
hill above ; while opposite, within short cannon shot, on the Long Island side, 
is Fort Hamilton. Between the two, built upon an islet a little to one side of 
the main channel, is another fortification, built in 1812, and used to incarcer- 
ate political prisoners during the late civil war, known as Fort Lafayette. 

Tlie Upper, or ]>Jew York Bay, opens out from the Narrows, and 
shows itself, at a glance, to be one of the safest and most commodious 
harbors in the world. To the left lies the New Jersey shore, in a long 
curve dotted with handsome villages, placed so close together, that they 
literally form a string of dwellings and factories, connecting with Jersej'' 
City proper at the head of the harbor. The same may be said of the Long 
Island shore. Bay Ridge, at- the upper entrance to the Narrows, to which 
runs a regular line of boats from the city, and which is the terminus or the^ 
main system of Coney Island Railroads, is loosely tied to South Brookljm hj 
a straggling collection of dwellings, warehouses and other edifices, but is- 
really a part of Brooklyn itself. At Bay Ridge the passenger will observe,, 
particularly during the summer and early fall, a large fleet of yachts at 
anchor or in motion, from the smallest cat-boat to the largest steamer 
devoted to the uses of pleasure. As he passes this point the Long Island 



I 



THE HARBOR. 



13 



shore slopes away in a curve, call Gowanus Bay, crowded with shipping-, 
through whose forest-like masts he will catch a glimpse of the spires and 
piled up buildings of Brooklyn, and a little to the left, straight ahead, he will 
see, laving its feet in the green waters of the Bay, the vast metropolis, 
towering upwards in a mountain of stone and brick, upon whose crest he may 
distinguish the square tower of the Produce Exchange, the roof of the 
Elevated Railway, and Western Union Telegraph Buildings, Trinity spire, 
and other giant edifices. 

Xlie Statue of I^iberty Enlig^litetiins: tlie 'World, by the 
French sculptor, Auguste Bartholdi, which is finely illustrated by the 
frontispiece to this volume, will first catch the visitor's eye. This wonderful 
<jreation of human genius is by far the largest statue ever erected. It 
rises out of the Bay like some giant guardian, silently watching over the 
city at its feet, tireless and sleepless, as the years roll by. The figure itself 
is of bronze, and was presented to the American people by the French 
nation in token of amity and good-will. It was unveiled with appropriate 
ceremonies, October 28, 1886. It represents the figure of a woman holding 
a lighted torch in her uplifted arm above her head. The statue proper is 
151 feet in height, the stone pedestal which supports it, with its foundation, 
is 155 feet in height, so that the combined altitude is 306 feet. The cost of the 
statue was $200,000, and that of the pedestal was $300,000. The statue was 
paid for by the French people, while the pedestal was erected by the aid of 



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GOVERNOR'S ISLAND 



popular subscriptions in the United States. It is the largest statue ever erected, 
even in the imagination of the ancient historians ; the next largest being 
that of Nero, 118 feet, and the Colossus of Rhodes, 105 feet. An idea maj' be 
gained of its enormous proportions, when we state that the index finger is 8 
feet long ; the head, 17 feet high, and 10 feet thick ; the nose, 4 feet long ; the 
right arm,49 feet long; the mouth, 3 feet wide; and the finger nail a foot across. 
Admission to the statue is free. Visitors are permitted to mount as far as the 
head, but special permits, obtainable from the Commanding General at Gov- 
ernor's Island, are required for admission to the right arm and torch. The 
view from the torch, or from the head, or even from the top of the pedestal, is 
a sight never to be forgotten. The cities of New York and Brooklyn, connected 
by the huge span of the great bridge, appear to lie at one's feet. The East 



14 THE HARBOR. 

River winds away among the masses of building-s, towering warehouses and 
smoking factories, like a silver ribbon, till lost in the haze beyond Hell Gate, 
the narrow turbulent passage into Long Island Sound. On the other hand, 
the broad Hudson, bounded on the Jersey shore by the frowning bastions 
of the Pallisades, keeps its magnificent course northward, till land and 
water fade into distance. West and south, the rolling hills and river- 
bordered plains of New Jersey stretch out in a varied panorama of towns, 
farms, and railways for miles. Over the whole extent of Staten Island, 
the gaze passes to the blue boundaries of the ocean and the arid reaches of 
Sandy Hook. Immediately beneath, the huge masses of masonry in the city 
squares, blur into one smoking, swerving hive of living beings. While up 
and down the channels, and from pier to pier, ferryboats blunder to and fro, 
active little tugs dart hither and thither, large steamers move with the 
dignity of conscious power, and sailing vessels float or lie like water-fowl 
upon the blue surface. The statue forms part of the United States light-house 
system, the torch containing nine duplex electric lamps, which are visible 
from twenty to thirty miles at sea. This torch is a murderous destroyer of 
birds, which, flying near, are attracted by its dazzling rays, and dashing 
themselves against it in their fascination are destroyed. Those in attendance 
aver that as many as 1,600 of the winged victims have fallen sacrifices to 
their ill-starred curiosity in a single night. 

The Immigrant Station, which was formerly at Castle Garden, on. 
the Battery, is now on Ellis Island, one of the small islets off the New 
Jersey shore. The main building for the reception of the immigrants has a 
frontage of about 500 feet, and a depth of 200 feet. The thousands of foreigners 
who flock to this country by the port of New York, are received and registered 
in this office, and thence are either turned over to their friends and relatives, 
who are awaiting them, or are put in the way of reaching such parts of the 
United States as they desire to go to. 

Under the present system the ignorant peasant from Europe is protected, 
as far as is practicable, from the " Emigrant Runners," and other sharks, 
who, for a long period, prej^ed upon the helpless immigrant, robbing him of 
his little store of money, and then turning him adrift upon the public or 
private charity of the city. Immigrants who arrive in a state of illness of a 
non-contagious kind, are treated at the Ellis Island dispensary or hospital, 
according to the gravity of the ailment. In this way about five hundred per- 
sons are treated, free of charge, every month. From 300,000 to 500,000 im- 
migrants pass through the Ellis Island depot each year. These figures give 
some idea of the enormous mass of business transacted at this station, as well 
as of the wonderful resources and growth of the country which is able to 
receive such a vast multitude, give them all comfortable homes and adequate 
employment in addition to its own sixty odd millions of inhabitants. 

Governor's Island, originally a Dutch cow pasture, called Nutten 
Island, and given its present name from the fact that it was purchased in 1637, 
by Governor Van Twiller, lies about three thousand feet from the Battery 
and between it and Brooklyn. From the latter it is separated by a narrow 
strait called Buttermilk Channel, originally so shallow that at low tide the 



THE HARBOR. 



15 



land was frequently visible from the island to the adjacent shore. The Govern- 
ment's fine system of harbor improvement has, however, so deepened and 
widened this channel that ships of the heaviest draught pass through it to the 
wharfs and docks along the Brooklyn and New York water fronts. On Gov- 
ernor's Island are situated the headquarters of the Military Department of 
the Atlantic, and the residences of the commanding general and his staff. 
From the foot of Whitehall Street runs a Government vessel, communicating 
between the island and the city. Governor'^ Island comprises an area of 
some sixty-five acres. On the western point stands a pink-lined circular 
structure pierced with three tiers of port holes, besides a tier of guns mounted 
en barbette. This old-fashioned fortification, once regarded as a most im- 
pregnable defense to the city, is called Castle William, erected in 1811. The 
island has other fortifications — Fort Columbus and water batteries, mounting 
nearly harmless old smooth-bore guns, as effective against modern armor- 
clad men-of-war as so many Queen Anne muskets. The only real value of 
these antiquated works is in the ordnance arsenal and Military Museum which 
they contain. The curious foreigner, however, will find it worth his while to 
visit Governor's Island, if only for the sake of the wonderfully picturesque 
view to be obtained of New York city and harbor. On the western sea wall 
is a gun which is fired at sunset, as a signal to the vessels in the bay to dis- 
play their lights. The well-mounted stuffed skin of the famous charger upon 
whom General Sheridan " saved the day " at Winchester, during the late war, 
is on exhibition here. It may be added that, while'in view of the recent ad- 
vance in the science of gunnery and warfare, Governor's Island would be of 
small service as a direct defense of the city against a foreign enemy, it is of 
the utmost importance as a strategic point whence troops might be thrown 
into either New York or Brooklyn in case of riots. 




THE BATTERY. 



THE BATTERY TO TRINITY CHURCH. 




The Battery, now a handsome public 
park, situated at the extreme southern, point of Manhattan Island, received 
its name from the fact that about two centuries ago a battery was erected 
here by the citizens, upon an alarm of hostile demonstrations by the 
French. What was a hastily constructed earthwork in the beg-inning, 
g-rew to be, relatively speaking, a really powerful fortification, toward 
the middle of the eighteenth century, the armament amounting to ninety- 
two cannon of the heaviest calibre known to that daj". At that period, 
namely, circum 1750, the Battery was really a thoroughly effective defense 
of what was then hardly more than a village. So situated, and with 
such guns, in this era, when, as some engineers have claimed, our ord- 
nance could throw shells weighing hundreds of pounds from Coney Island 
into the heart of the business district, the little ninety-two g^un battery 
seems something* like a rather dangerous toy. We might add, for the bene- 
fit of our visitors from abroad, that some of the most celebrated of their 
own authorities on such subjects, have declared that projectiles fired from 
battle-ships in the Lower Bay would most probably find a harmless gravo in 
the deep waters of the Upper Bay, leaving the city unscathed. The chances 
are, however, as ten thousand to zero that no such gun target practice will 
ever take place in our time ; the long and carefully debated chapters of 
modern arbitration standing between the prefatory offense and the bloody 
finis. The Battery Park comprises thirty-one acres, well laid out, with thick. 



THE BATTERY TO TRINITY CHURCH. 17 

rich turf and fine shade trees. During the decades prior to the Revolution it 
was the fashionable resort and promenade of the wealthy citizens of the town, 
whose finest residences bordered it on the east and north. Many of these 
aforetime palaces still exist, shabby and dilapidated, and converted into 
foreign consulates, business places, immigrant boarding-houses, and such-like 
uses. Others have been torn down, and this region, once sacred to the 
powdered wig and the velvet coat, the brocade skirt and the plumed hat, are 
now invaded by the homeless tramp, the gaping peasant newly arrived from 
his ship, and the denizens of dark side streets and noisome alleys. 

At the east end of the Battery is Pier 1, from which the Pennsylvania 
Hailroad ships its freight. Just beyond is the pier where the many iron 
steamboats, which carry the thousands of holiday makers of the city to and 
from Coney Island, land and from whence they depart. Pier A, adjoining, is 
the headquarters of the Twenty-fourth and Twenty- eighth Police Precincts, 
and the Department of Docks. The police boat Patrol, one of the most 
perfectly equipped vessels, for its purpose, in the world, provided with an 
unequaled fire-extinguishing apparatus, lies at this pier when not on duty. 

Castle Garden is now a low, round, somewhat shabby-looking edifice, 
whose uses it would be difficult to determine from its appearance. It was origin- 
.ally erected, as the first part of its name indicates, for a fortification during 
the war of 1812. It then stood upon a small islet detached from the mainland 
with which it was connected by a bridge. Later on the intermediate space 
was filled in and the Castle incorporated with the Battery. Having outlived 
its usefulness as a fort, it was transformed into an inclosed summer garden 
and used for popular amusement. It was at this place that, August 16, 1828, 
Liafayette landed under an arch decorated with colors and laurels. In the 
•evening a curiously shaped balloon, supposed to represent a man's figure on 
horseback, was sent up from the Garden — an event which in those days wa« 
regarded as a most remarkable success, and was proudly referred to in the 
public prints long afterward. Generals Jackson and Tyler held receptions 
in Castle Garden, the former in 1832 and the latter in 1843. One of the most 
notable circumstances in the history of Castle Garden, however, was the 
American debut of Jenny Lind here, under the management of P. T. Bar- 
num, Sept. 7, 1850. Five years afterward the Garden was turned over to 
the Emigrant Commissioners as a depot for immigrants, the first shipload of 
whom landed here from the German bark Europa. 

The Bargee Office is a handsome stone edifice in the ornate Byzantine 
style of architecture, situated at the Southeastern corner of the Battery, and 
adjoining the Staten Island and Brooklyn Ferries just east of it. It is the 
headquarters of the U. S. Government Customs Inspectors and a branch office 
of the Surveyor of the Port. Next the Barge Office is the U. S. Marine 
Hospital Dispensary for the free medical treatment of American merchant 
seamen. The hospital itself is at Stapleton, Staten Island. Applicants for, and 
those connected with, the revenue marine and for the life-saving service are 
examined here, and pilots undergo a special examination for color blindness. 
Adjacent to the Barge Office is a basin where the Battery boatmen keep their 
boats, holding from ten to fourteen persons, the charge being $1.00 per hour. 



18 THE BATTERY TO TRINITY CHURCH. 

The Elevated RailTvay Terminus is located in front of the system 
of ferry houses, at the southeast angle of the Battery, where the South, 
Hamilton, Thirty-ninth Street (Brooklyn); Ba,y Ridge and Staten Island 
Ferries land their boats, and where the Ellis, Liberty and Governor's Island 
steamers receive and discharge passengers. The terminal stations are so 
arranged that the living stream from the incoming and outgoing trains 
pass directly to and from the slips under nearly continuous shelter. The 
road beds of the four lines, viz : the Ninth, Sixth, Third, and Second Avenues, 
come to a common juncture here, and divide into two sections; one curving 
away to the west across the Battery, the other turning to the north and 
east. Higher up, the western limb subdivides into two branches, the Sixth 
and Ninth Avenue lines, while the eastern limb separates into the Third and 
Second Avenue lines. 

An examination of the map will reveal a network of short, mostly 
narrow streets crossing and recrossing the extreme lower portion of the city 
immediately above and to the east of the Battery, so that it looks like some 
portions of old London or Paris. Among these thoroughfares, originally the 
cowpaths and lanes of the ancient hamlet of New Amsterdam, are State 
Street, immediately adjoining the Battery, with Whitehall next beyond. 
Front, Water, and Pearl Streets run parallel with the East River; Broad Street 
leads from the river to Wall Street; and Broadway, which traverses the city 
near its center, begins just above the Battery at Bowling Green and continues 
up the island till it crosses the Spuyten Duyval Creek at the upper end, and 
becomes merged into the Albany Post Road, upon which the mail coaches ran 
half a century ago, to the various towns along the Hudson, ending at Alban3^ 
When the citizens fled from the Yellow fever and Cholera-stricken city to the 
healthier suburban villages of Greenwich or the present Tenth Street, and 
Chelsea, at Twenty-third Street, they fled along this road in the regular 
coaches, private vehicles, or on foot. South Street, on the East River front, 
is fringed on the water side by crowded masses of shipping, chiefly sailing 
vessels, unloading or loading cargoes for all parts of the world, while on the 
land side are rows of warehouses, chandlers' stores, and establishments of 
every variety of produce dealers. The first city wharf was built at the foot 
of Moore Street, about 1640. Peter Stuyvesant, the famous Dutch Governor, 
built a house at the corner of State Street. In early times the city filled 
in a portion of the water front where the present Water Street is now. 
Stone Street was the first paved street, and Bridge Street owes its name 
to a small bridge across a stream running down the middle of Broad Street. 
On Whitehall Street, between Water and Pearl, is the U. S. Army Building, 
a massive structure of granite and brick, under the control of the War 
Department, and used to store army supplies. 

Fraunces' Tavern, one of the most famous historic buildings in New 
York, is situated at the lower end of Broad Street. It is still a public house, 
though it has lost its prestige, for before and during the Revolution it was 
one of the fashionable places of resort. It was built two centuries ago by 
Etienne DeLancy, and opened by Samuel Fraunces in 1762, as an inn, to which 
he gave the loyal name of " Queen Charlotte." In the chamber in the second 



THE BATTERY TO TRINITY CHURCH. 



1J> 



story, still preserved, Washing-ton delivered his farewell address to his oflBcers 
in 1783. One can get a meal in the famous room, which was also used by the 
Chamber of Commerce, which beg-an its sittings here in 1768. The room, and 
the whole building, in fact, is one of the most interesting- of the few remaining- 
American landmarks, which are fast disappearing. 

Bo^wling- Oreen, as the name implies, was once used for the game of 
''bowls," being leased by a number of citizens for the purpose in 1732. Before 
this, it was the drill-ground of old Fort Amsterdam — called Fort George, 
after the English occupation of the city. The fort, which was constructed of 
log's in the Dutch period, was replaced by a stockade, evidently, from some 
of the old traditions, a rather shaky fortification, at its best. In 1770 an 
equestrian statue of George III, in lead, was erected on the Green, and 
enclosed by an iron railing. After the Declaration of Independence, in 1776, 
the railing was pulled down by the excited people, and the leaden statue con- 




PRODUCE EXCHANGE— BOWLING GREEN. 



verted into bullets, which, as the story goes, killed several hundred British 
soldiers in one of the many battles of the seven years' war. In 1787 the old 
fort, facing- Bowling- Green, was cleared away, and a building, orig"inally in- 



20 THE BATTERY TO TRINITY CHURCH. 

tended for United States Governmental occupation, when it was believed that 
New York City would be the g-eneral capital, was erected This edifice, for 
several years the residence of the Governors of the State, gave place in 1815 
to a row of dwellings, now filled with steamships and other business offices. 

At Bowling- Green Broadway proper begins. On the left hand, looking 
north, is No. 1 Broadway, or the Washington Building, a massive structure 
twelve stories high, used for offices. The old Kennedy House, built in 1745, 
stood here. Kennedy was the Earl of Cassilis, and his dwelling was one of 
the finest of the period, even when compared with English mansions of the 
time. It was called the Washington Hotel during the latter portion of its 
existence. Opposite is 

Xlie Produce Kxcliang^e, a splendid fire-proof edifice constructed of 
granite, brick and iron. It is oblong in shape, and from a distance has the 
appearance of a huge fortification or castle, surmounted by a lofty clock 
tower. It is 300 feet long by 150 feet deep; the main buildmg rises 116 feet, 
while the clock tower reaches over 200 feet. The clock, which seems hardly 
larger than an ordinary mantel clock from below, is really twelve feet in 
diameter. The architectural style is the modified Italian Renaissance. Here 
the Produce Exchange is located and does business. In the same enormous 
iDuilding are the Produce Exchange Bank, a United States Post-Office station, 
oflBces of the Western Union Telegraph Company, the main New York 
branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, and the Maritime Exchange. 
The hall of the Exchange on the second floor is 220 feet long by 144 feet wide 
and 60 feet high. In this hall many thousands of merchants can do business 
at one time. There are a series of tables arranged with every convenience 
which are leased to the merchants who are members of the Exchange. The 
famous " wheat pit " is that part of the building where a number of circular 
steps are arranged so as to descend into the floor, forming a kind of amphi- 
theater. All around are telegraph and telephone tables, and accommodations 
for the reporters who list the prices and fluctuations of the day for the press. 
The " call room " has also a large number of seats similarly arranged ; here 
grain and all sorts of provisions are bought and sold. The visitors' gallery, 
on the third floor, overlooks the exchanges below, and the sight is a strange 
and interesting one, especially on daj^s when there are *' flurrys " in the sales, 
though the shouts and calls must always remain enigmatical to the unin- 
itiated. The building cost about three and a quarter million dollars, and 
12,000,000 bricks, 15 miles of iron girders, 2,000 tons of terra cotta, and 29 
miles of steam pipe were used in its construction. The square tower is visited 
by several hundred people daily ; the ascent being made by elevators which 
carry one up fourteen stories, whence a flight of stairs leads to the roof. 
From this height a wonderful panorama of the lower part of the city and the 
adjacent water unfolds itself. All the huge piles of masonry in the neigh- 
borhood are at the feet of the observer, and the view extends for miles over 
New Jersey, up the Hudson and East Rivers, across Long Island and down 
the harbor, and is second only to that obtained from the Statue of Liberty. 
Some idea of the business done in this building can be gained from the sales 
made in a year ; for example, three million barrels of flour ; a billion and a 




TRINITY CHURCH. 



22 THE BATTERY TO TRINITY CHURCH. 

quarter bushels of wheat ; over a quarter of a bilhon bushels of corn ; ninety- 
odd million bushels of oats; over a million tierces of lard, and about twenty- 
two million pounds of tallow, with other products in like proportion. 

Another exchange of great importance in the business economy of New 
York is the 

Consolidated Stock and Petroleum Exchange, occupying- a 
handsome building- at the corner of Broadway and Exchange Place. It has a 
front of 91 feet on Broadway, 132 feet on Exchang-e Place, and 87 feet on New 
Street. Its board room measures 10,000 feet of floor space, and its lig-ht- 
ing and ventilating systems are among the best in this city of modern im- 
provements. 

The visitor to New York should pause a moment at the foot of Broad- 
way, at an hour before, or an hour after, noon, and take in the picture thus 
presented, of thousands of people hurrying hither and thither, on all imagin- 
able errands ; the hundreds of carts, drays, wagons, cabs, carriages and cars, 
apparently locked in one inextricable jam, which, nevertheless, seems to dis- 
entangle itself into sub-currents, melting insensibly down side streets and 
alleys, while a roar and rumble go up incessantly from these animate and 
inanimate streams, echoing from wall to wall of the massive edifices lining 
the great thoroughfare on either hand. As he begins his journey northward, 
the vast ramparts of stone, brick, and iron resolve themselves into separate 
piles, like the Welles' Building, at 18 Broadway ; the great office building of 
the Standard Oil Company adjoining ; Aldrich Court, another office building, 
which stands upon the site of the first dwelling of white men on Manhattan 
Island, which, as tradition tells us, was erected by Captain Adrian Block, the 
explorer whose name is retained in " Block Island," off the Khode Island coast. 
One of the peculiar architectural features of the city is the manner in which 
the limited space of the island is utilized. New York is a city of towers ; 
small ground plans upon which are erected whole hives of offices and dwell- 
ing flats. An example of this kind of land economy is the Tower Building, 
No. 50 Broadway, which is eleven stories, or 18C feet, high, with a ground plan 
2;5 feet broad. The Union Trust Company's structure, No. SO Broadway, 
has a frontage of 72 feet, and an elevation of 196 feet. It is a handsome 
building in the Romanesque order, and despite the disproportion between its 
width and its height, it is so well balanced in its details, and so cleverly de- 
signed with relation to its surroundings, that it may justly be called artistic. 

Trinity Cliurcli is one of the best known and most important build- 
ings in the city. Not excepting the comparatively new St. Patrick's Cathe- 
dral, it is the most representative church edifice in New York. It stands upon 
the west side of Broadway, opposite Wall Street, so that coming up the street 
from the east, the church and its spire are visible throughout the busiest por- 
tion of that world's money market. It is a solidly good and representative 
example of Gothic architecture in its best phase. In size it cannot com- 
pare with European cathedrals ; nor even in that respect with scores 
of churches in the United States ; but for purity of conception and sever- 
ity of execution, it will compare favorably with many famous edifices 
abroad. The present church is the third upon the same site. The first 



THE BATTERY TO TRINITY CHURCH. 



23 



was 148 feet long- and 72 feet broad, with a steeple 175 feet high. This 
building- was burnt down during the Revolution, and was rebuilt in 1778. 
This structure was put up in some haste, and was always looked upon 
as shaky. It finally came to such a pass that wide cracks appeared in the 
masonry, the stones shifted from their places, and larg-e sections of mortar 
fell out. In 1839 it was formally declared '' unsafe," and in 1846 the present 
church was completed. Owing to the nature of the g-round beneath the foun- 
dation, some authorities have predicted that even this third edition of Trinity 
will have to be destroyed and a fourth building- — if another church shall be 
raised here — put up. The steeple is 284 feet in height, and until within a few 

years any one could mount 
it ; but more recently a rule 
has been enforced which 
compels the visitor to pro- 
cure a permit from the rec- 
tor, whose office is in the 
building- behind St. Paul's 
Church, corner of Vesey 
. „, ^1 i\(H'Mi\ ^c—— M/ Street, where he may be seen 

Ih ' ^''^'''!IMI^i7/^f^^ . from 1 till 3 o'clock p. m. 

The view from the steeple is 
well worth the trouble both 
of procuring- the permit and 
of mounting the innumer- 
able steps to the top, cover- 
ing-, as it does, the whole city 
to the rising ground to the 
north, and the adjacent 
country for miles on every 
side. The church is open 
for daily services, and though 
situated in the heart of the 
business center of the city, 
these services are usually 
well attended. The altar of pure white marble and the reredos are 
memorials of the late William B. Astor. William Waldorf Astor has pre- 
pared as a memorial to his father, the second John Jacob Astor, a massive 
bronze gateway to the church. A most singular experience for the stranger, 
and even for the denizen of the neighborhood, is to walk a few steps 
out of the vast turmoil of business interests going on in the street a dozen 
feet away, into the cool dusk and absolute quiet of this church, where 
there is no sound but the echo of the visitor's footsteps on the stone 
floor, where the roar and thunder of the outside world only comes as a faint 
murmur. Especially is this contrast felt in the g-raveyard, which is far older 
and more interesting- than the church itself. Surrounded on all sides by tall, 
modern buildings, crowded with business men and clerks, alive with modern 
interests, noisy with running- to and fro of hasty feet, with eager voices and 




TRINITY CHURCH — FROM WALL STREET. 



24 



THE BATTERY TO TRINITY CHURCH. 



the clang and clatter of machinerj^ it is as quiet and as solemn as that spot 
where Gray, the poet, wrote his famous " Elegy." This graveyard holds the 
oldest of New York's dead. On these quaint and crumbling old stones, with 
their grim death's heads, or even grimmer winged seraphs — or what stood 
for such in the minds of the stone-cutters of the period — may be re-^d names 
famous in the early history of the colony or the country. Old Dutch families 
are buried here, ancestors of many families whose pride is sealed with the 
rude inscriptions on these stones. Charlotte Temple, a beautiful girl betrayed 
by an English officer, has a resting place here ; after her wrongs and sorrows 
she sleeps soundly enough in this quiet spot. Albert Gallatin, Secretary of 
the Treasury, is here ; so also is General Phil. Kearney, killed at Chantilly 
during the Civil War ; William Bradley, who printed the first newspaper in 
the city, lies here. Captain Laurence, of the Essex, and Lieutenant Ludlow, 
lie beneath the Laurence memorial, which commemorates their gallant actions 
and their lamented deaths .Alexander Hamilton and his wife lie below a 
small obelisk, and on the Broadway front is a large Gothic memorial 
erected to " those brave and good men who died while imprisoned in this city 
for their devotion to the cause of American independence," The oldest grave 
now known to be in Trinity churchj-ard is that of Richard Churcher, marked 
by a small brown stone slab, dated 1681. 




A PUBLIC MEETING ON THE STEPS OF THE SUB-TREASURY BOLX)IXG. 



WALL STREET 




DREXEL BLILDINO, 
WALL STREET. 



bTUCK EXCHANGE, 
BROAD STREET. 



Wall Street, like most of the 
older streets of New York, retains 
something- descriptive of its ancient 
character or use in its modern desig- 
nation. Along- this street in 1644 
was erected a line of fortifications 
agamst the Indians. Until 1653 a 
sort of fence or stockade, following- 
the course of the present street, 
was the boundary of a sheep pas- 
ture , then the fence was improved 
upon, the " Land Gate," at the 
junction of the present Wall Street and Broadwa}^ was built. In 1656 
a house was put up about where the Custom House now stands. Across 
the way was an orchard, and tradition speaks of hunting wild animals, 
the bear, wolf, etc., in the wild region above the wall. It was not till 
1768 or 1769 that the fence was finally demolished, and a year or two 
later a city hall was erected on the site of the present Sub-Treasury^ 
Building. Just here were the cage, pillory, whipping-post and stocks, 
where now we find, among other important edifices, the New York Stock 
Exchange, whose main fronts are on Broad and New Streets. The Stock 
Exchange began operations in 1792, with seventy-four members. Until 
twenty-five years later, the members did most of their business at the 
" Tontine Coffee House," corner of Wall and Water Streets. The present 
building was erected in 1865, and has a frontage of 152 feet on New Street, 
and 70 feet on Broad Street, where its main entrance is. It is made of white 
marble, in the French Renaissance style, and cost bout $2,000,000. The 



36 WALL STREET. 

"Board Room," which the visitor should see, is called, and very properly, 
" the financial nerve " of the country-. On a busy day, especially when there 
is a flurry in stocks, the tumult in this room, the shouts, shrieks, calls and 
cries are absolutely indescribable ; it is a scene and an experience never to be 
forg-otten. These men seem to have lost their senses — on panic days they 
really have ; but, g-eneraily speaking-, each knows what he has to sell and 
what he wishes to dispose of, and in this pandemonium colossal fortunes are 
made and lost in a few hours. As high as $36,000 has been paid for a seat 
and privileg-e in this exchange. The initiation fee, established in 1879, is 
$10,000, and even with these enormous fig-ures as initiation and purchase 
money, there are hundreds who would gladly come into the exchange 
were they allowed to do so by the rules. 

A person standing- upon Trinity steeple and looking eastward will have 
before him one of the most celebrated thoroughfares of modern times — Wall 
Street. It is a narrow highway, where the sun in winter seldom comes, along 
whose sidewalks press throngs of money-getters and money-losers ; men elate 
with millions won in an hour, and men wretched with the evanishment of 
fortunes upon the click of a telegraph machine ; the Croesus of to-day doomed 
to be the pauper of to-morrow ; men of all ages and conditions, but all striv- 
ing for the one resplendent goal — wealth. Yet but a few generations ago this 
pathway of Plutus was the northernmost boundary of the little village from 
which the mighty city has grown. Here, in 1644, a fence ran across the 
island to keep out the hostile Indians, who roan.ed the woods and morasses 
where the City Hall now stands. Nine years later the palisade was strength- 
ened, and a gate known as the ''Land Poorte," was built at the present 
Broadway. In the woods above the palisade or wall wild animals were 
hunted by the adventurous citizens of the little hamlet. In 1769 the wall 
was pulled down, the city having grown beyond its limits. Three years 
before this time William Pitt's marble statue was erected at Wall and Wil- 
liam Streets. This statue, disfigured beyond all semblance to humanity by the 
British soldiery during the occupation of the city, is now shown in the New 
York Historical Society's edifice. On the northeast corner of Wall Street and 
Broadway are the First National Bank and the Bank of the Republic. To 
the east are the Schermerhorn and Astor buildings. 

The Sub-Treasury occupies the site of the old Federal Hall, on the 
corner of Wall and Nassau Streets, where Washington took the oath of office 
as first President. This old edifice was the most important building — at least, 
in a political sense — of the time. It was City Hall, Colonial Court House, and 
the capital of the province. John Zenger was tried and acquitted liere, his 
crime being free speech in his newspaper ; and here in July, 1776, the Declara- 
tion of Independence was read from the balcony, and received with wild cheers 
by the crowd below. When New York was chosen — temporarily, as it hap- 
pened—as the national capital city, the City Hall was changed into the Fed- 
eral Hall, a much more elaborate edifice. Washmgton was inaugurated here, 
and his desk and table are still preserved in the Governor's room of the 
present Cit}^ Hall. The imposing ceremonies of the day may be read in any 
good history of the citj-, and need not occupy space here. In 1813 Federal 



WALL STEEET. 



;3T 




TTHE MILLS BUILDING, 
BROAD STREET 

Hall was demolished In 1842 the 
old Custom House was erected on 
the spot; this is the present Sub- 
Treasury. It is a solid granite structure, 
in the Doric style, and runs from Wall Street 
to Pine Street, on the north. A fine flight • , i- i 

of steps leads up to the Wall Street portico, which displays eight large 
columns, the whole making a very fine example of the architectural order. 
On these steps stands J. Q. A. Ward's colossal statue of Washmgton m the 
act of taking the oath. On the pedestal is a slab bearing ^^ ^IJ^^^P^^^^ 
descriptive of the event. There has frequently been as much as $200,000,000 
of money deposited in this building; yet there are none of the extensive mili- 
tary arrangements for protection here which mark the treasuries of every 
other country in the world. The amount of business transacted here may be 
guessed from the fact that, during a single fiscal year, this building took 
nearly a billion and a quarter of dollars, and paid out some twenty millions 
less. Aside from its payments to various disbursing officers and departments 
the Sub-Treasui-y redeems United States bonds and mutilated currency, and 
•settles for coupons and interest on the bonds. Any paper money not mutil- 
ated more than four-fifths, the Treasury pays good money for ; if the mutiia- 



28 WALL STREET. 

tion be greater, an affidavit showing- how the mutilation occurred must be 
submitted. In one year some $88,28-;i,000 of mutilated money has been re- 
deemed. The specie vaults are on the north side of the building on either side 
of the passage, and are protected by the latest appliances as to walls and 
locks. The whole city would have to be in revolt, and the most improved 
methods of dynamite explosion would have to be brought to bear, before these 
vaults could be rifled. The upper stovy is an armory where various weapons 
are kept at hand in case of riot. The exact sj^stem of defense which would be 
employed in such an event is kept secret. In order to inspect the building in 
detail, the visitor must obtain a permit by application to the Sub-Treasurer. 

Xlie Assay Office adjoins the Sub-Treasury^ building- ; it is a marble 
edifice in the classic style, and was erected in 1823, All sorts of old plate, 
bullion, old, foreig-n or mutilated coin, scraps or dust are melted, refined, and 
cast into bricks here. A few figures will show the amount of work done in a 
year, viz.: Refined by acid process, 2,23?,000 ounces ; 18,235 bars of gold, and 
25,990 bars of silver ; by the melting process, some 970,800 ounces of gold, and 
4,294,000 ounces of silver. The refining and assaying- departments are full of 
interest, and may be observed by the visitor, who obtains admission to the 
building- at about 10 a. m. The bullion is received on the g-round floor, melted 
and then g-ranulated by being- thrown molten into water, which separates it 
into small particles which, in turn, are boiled repeatedly in sulphuric acid, 
thus liberating the silver. The gold is then pressed into cakes, which are 
sent to the melting furnaces, after which it is cast into bricks. The assaying- 
process follows. It is moie complicated than the refining, but may readily be 
understood by consulting- any standard work on the subject which, if the 
visitor be interested in the matter, he should do before inspecting the opera- 
tions here daily performed. 

Tlie New York Stock Exchange has a narrow entrance on Wall 
Street, the principal extensions being- on New and Broad Streets. Visitors 
gain entrance to the building from the Wall Street side. The Stock Exchange 
was inaugurated as far back as 1792, and its earlier meetings were held at the 
famous Tontine Cofl'ee House, at the corner of Wall and Water Streets. The 
present building was erected in 1865, at a cost of $2,000,000. It is five stories 
in height, constructed of white marble and granite, in the later Renaissance 
style, the architect being James Renwick. The visitor will be most interested 
in the Board Room. From this point the transactions in stocks, announced by 
wire as they take place, affect every portion of the country, and, indeed, of 
the financial world. This room is on the New Street side, and measures two 
hundred and sixty, by some ninety-eig-htor ninety-nine feet. An excellent view 
of the floor during- business hours — always an exciting- time — is obtained from 
the galleries. In the Long Room are the teleg-raphic instruments, constantly 
besieged by dealers anxious to know the results of their out-of-town opera- 
tions. In the Board Room is a row of pillars occupying- the center of the 
apartment. On each pillar a special stock is desig-nated. Each broker has his 
number, and when he is wanted a handle bearing- that number is touched, and 
the same number appears in full view in front of the galler^^ The price of 
seats in this Exchang-e is enormous ; as much as $36,000 has been paid for a 



i 




A MORNING STROrX DOWN BROADWAY TO WALL STKKET. 



30 



WALL STREET. 



righit. The reg-ular initiation fee is $20,000, or if the broker buys his seat 
from another, the fee is $1,000. The public is familiar, throug-h newspaper 
reports, with the peculiar slang- of the Stock Exchang-e, and already know the 
significance of such terms as "scalper," '' g-uerilla," "trader," "bull," 
"bear," "load," "unload," "ballooning-," " flying kites," "milking the 
street," "gunning for stock," "break," "cover shorts," "cornered," 
"pool," etc. 

The United States Custom House is a stern and imposing-look- 
ing edifice, occup3'ing the block bounded by Wall, William, and Hanover 
Streets and Exchange Place. It is of gray granite, which exposure has dark- 
ened ; it is Doric in style, and has a heavy portico of columns, each 38 feet in 
height and 4| feet in diameter. These columns were imported from Italy at 
a great expense, and are almost unrivaled in size and symmetry. A bridge 
connects the main building with a smaller one on the south side of Exchange 
Place, the naval officers' headquarters. It w^as built originally for a mer- 
chants' exchange, but was converted to customs purposes in 1862. The 
records of this Castom House give an idea of the customs income of the 
whole country ; for here alone, in 1889, the receipts were nearly $155,000,000, 
and the Government's profits over all expenses over $152,000,000. In this one 
year there were some 275,000 merchandise entries. Other notable edifices on 
Wall Street are the Wilkes Building, on the corner of Broad Street, a branch 
of the celebrated Delmonico Restaurant ; the Drexel Building, a white marble, 
six-story erection, Renaissance in style; the Mills Building, ten stories high, 
and one of the finest edifices of its kmd in the cit}' ; the Mechanics' Bank ; the 
Manhattan Bank, organized by Aaron Burr; the United States Trust Company's 
Building; the Bank of New York, the oldest bank in the State; the Bank of 
America. The famous Walton mansion, spoken of in the course of a speech 
in the British Parliament, just prior to the outbreak of the Revolution, as an 
"evidence of the wealth and luxury of the colonists," was in existence up to 
within ten years ago, naving fallen to the depraved station of a common sailors' 
and immigrants' lodging-house. In the immediate vicinity of Wall Street there 
are scores of magnificent edifices, among which we may mention the Farmers' 
Loan and Trust Company, near the corner of Beaver and William Streets ; 
the Cotton Exchange, on the corner of William Street and Hanover Square, 
and the new Delmonico Building. At the foot of Wall Street is a handsomely 
appointed ferry running to Montague Street, Brooklyn. 



BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD, 



PROM WALL STREET TO 
UNION SQUARE. 




STATUE OP BEN. FRANKLIN, 
PARK ROW, 



An evidence of swift and amazing growth of the metropolis is in the fact 
that a work on New York City, published little more than a decade ago, 
speaks of the space between Wall Street and Union Square as " comprising 
the finest and largest buildings in the city," whereas, at the present time, the 
gigantic flat houses, hotels, and business edifices which have sprung into 
existence at the Midas touch of capital are thickly scattered over the upper 
portion of the town, even to Harlem and beyond. Still, new buildings have 
risen on the sites of older ones in the lower sections, for the most part 
amazing constructions, superb in architectural detail, and mountainous in 
bulk. Among these latter we may first observe 

Xlie Equitable Building:, which stands upon the cast side of Broad- 
way, between Pine and Cedar Streets. It is the property of the Equitable 
Life Assurance Society, and, besides the offices of the society itself, has 



32 BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 

some thirty-five hundred tenants engaged in almost every variety of bus- 
iness. The building is of granite, imposing in outline and size, and mag- 
nificently fitted up within. The entrance is a splendid conception, executed 
in several kinds of stone and bronze. The effect of the great curved sky- 
light within, filled with stained glass, which casts its kaleidoscopic hues 
upon the polished marble of the hundred feet long hall, is marvelous. 
In the arch at the end of the corridor is a finely-executed symbol of Life 
Assurance. In this building, among many hundreds of others, are the 
banking houses of Kountze Brothers, Winslow, Lanier & Co., August 
Belmont & Co., the Mercantile Trust Company, the Cafe and Restaurant 
Savarin, etc. The Lawyers' Club has quarters and a fine library here. 
In the lofty tower is located 

Xlie United States f'igiial Service. Here are collected the most 
perfect instruments for detecting and recording atmospheric and meteorologi- 
cal phenomena in the world. On the tall flagstaff are hoisted the weather 
signals, flags by day and lanterns by night. The instruments in this office 
prepare, automaticallj'-, records of the barometer and the thermometer, at- 
mospheric pressure, direction and force of the wind, the amount of rainfall, 
humidity, etc., with telegraphic instruments, printing appliances for preparing 
the notes, records, etc. 

Tlie Cliaiiiber of Coiiimerce occupies quarters in the Mutual Life 
Assurance Compan3''s building, between Cedar and Liberty Streets, an excel- 
lent example of the Italian style. In old days the Middle Dutch Church, used 
as a riding-school by the liinglish cavalr^^ during the Revolution, occupied this 
site. The Chamber of Commerce is made up of the important men in the 
various commercial and financial circles of the city ; the members are all 
wealthy and inspired by public spirit, and in consequence many of the most 
beneficial measures which the Legislature of the State has passed in behalf of 
the metropolis, have originated in the Chamber, which was inaugurated in 
April, 1768, at the historic Fraunces' Tavern. From that period down to the 
present day the minutes of everj^ meeting which the Chamber of Commerce has 
held, with every speech, suggestion, note, and detail, have been carefully 
recorded, and exist now in a most valuable series of volumes. 

Xlie Real Estate Excliange is a very important and characteristic 
feature in view of the immense dealings in city and suburban property which 
follow, as a matter of course, the wonderful growth and expansion of the metrop- 
olis and neighboring towns. It stands upon the north side of Liberty Street, 
at No. 57. Besides the regular transactions in real estate, it is imperative that 
all sales of property which take place under judgments, court decrees, and 
other legal processes, must be made here. The members of the Real Estate 
Exchange have many advantages, such, for example, as the right to enter in 
the books, on payment of a moderate fee, all property m hich they have to 
dispose of, the privilege of consulting the records, which are carefully kept, of 
every fact, and of all sorts of information relating to property. The transac- 
tions of a single year, amounting to something over $44,000,000, show the 
status of this Exchange. 




ST. PAULS CHAPEL. — BROADWAY. 



34 BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 

Tlie "Western Union Xelegrapli Company's Building is one of 

the hug-e piles of masonry which first attract the stranger's notice as he sails 
up the bay. It is composed of two edifices joined; one on Broadway, nine 
stories in height, with a frontage of 75 feet, and the other on Dey Street, ten 
stories high, with a frontage of 200 feet, both constructed of brick and terra 
cotta. On the Broadway side are three large arches, and on the De^^ Street side, 
seven, giving the edifice at once a light and yet imposing appearance. The 
great operating rooms, filled with the most improved instruments, and crowded 
with busy emploj^ees, occupy the major part of the seventh and eighth floors. 
About 1,200 people are engaged in the company's service in this building ; 
2,000 wires lead into the operating departments, and an average of 100,000 
messages are received or transmitted daily. This company has about 700,000 
miles of wire, and about 20,000 offices. In a year it has handled from fifty-five 
to sixty million messages. Its profits for the j^ear were something like 
$8,000,000. From these operating rooms one can send a message to every 
civilized countr^^ on the globe, as well as to many outlying stations on the 
borders of civilization. The company owns or controls many submarine and 
transmarine cables. The dynamos, pneumatic tube system — by which written 
messages are sent in leather cylinders through brass tubes all over the lower 
part of the cit^^ — as well as other machinery, are worked by boilers and 
engines in the cellars of the building. 

The Jolin Street Metliodist Episcopal CliurcU is not far from 
the huge structure above described. It is on John Street, between Nassau and 
William Streets, and derives its interest from the fact that it is the oldest 
church of the denomination in the country. As far back as 1766 a small con- 
gregation of Methodists had their church in a dwelling-house. Parson Thomas 
Webb, who was also a captain, and who preached in New York arraj^ed in his 
soldier's garb, made so many converts by his exhortations, and so aided the 
prosperity of the sect, that in 1768 a small stone chapel was built where the 
present church now stands. In those days Dissenters were not allowed to 
have churches, so that, to cover the law, a fireplace and mantel were included 
to give the chapel a residence. Forty-nine years later a larger church was 
erected, which was occupied until 1841, when, a considerable portion of the 
congregation having removed farther uptown, the old edifice was demolished, 
a part of the land sold for business purposes, and the present smaller church 
was built. Business men's praj'er-meetings are held here at noon, and are 
well attended. 

Tlie Oldest House in Neiv York is at No. 122 William Street, be- 
tween Fulton and John. It was built about 1692. It is two stories high, with 
dormer window^s, and the material is the true Dutch brick, imported from 
Holland. The house is now occupied as a restaurant, and though it has been 
partly remodeled to suit modern ideas, much of the old interior arrangement 
still remains, notably one of the ancient open fireplaces on the second floor. 
Several of the blue and white tiles depicting subjects from Scripture may still 
be seen. Directly opposite this building was the house — long since demolished, 
in the modern iconoclastic spirit — where Washington Irving was born. 

Xlie mail and Express Building-, just completed, is in the shape of 



BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 



35 



a hug-e L, the front being- on Broadwaj^ and known as No. 203, while the foot 
of the L faces on Fulton Street. From the Broadway entrance a very long, 
arched, tunnel-like hallway leads to the elevators, while a short hall leads 
from the smaller Fulton Street entrance, intersecting the other at right 
angles. The three great elevators run constantly, making regular trips, so 
that neither bell signals are required nor any delay experienced. The building 
is a solidly constructed fireproof edifice of stone, Imed to a great extent with 
polished marble. It contains every possible modern convenience of the latest 
type ; and, in fact, so far as its interior is concerned, is probably one of the 
most perfect examples of the great office building in existence. The Mail and 
Express newspaper has its home here, the remainder of the edifice being di- 
vided into handsomely fitted and convenient offices. 

St. Paul's Cliapel is a Gothic building of good style and proportions, 
though relatively small in size. Its chief interest lies in the fact that it is the 
only church built in colonial times now standing in New York. It was begun 
in 1754, and completed in 1756. The front is to the west, and its rear is towards 
Broadway. At the time it was put up, the space between the church and the 
river was open, and as the builders had no prevision of the vast masses of 
masonry which were soon to cover the smooth hillside sloping to the water, 
the main front was turned towards the Hudson. The church is surrounded by 
a graveyard, where, among other celebrities, lies Major-General Montgomery, 
killed at Quebec, December 31, 1776 ; near his grave is the tall monument 
erected to the memory of Dr. McNevin, and to the north of it is the obelisk to 
Thomas Addis Emmet. Another monument is that to George Frederick 
Cooke, the English actor, who died in New York in September, .1812. Edmund 
Kean caused this memorial to be raised over his friend's ashes. The inscrip- 
tion was written by Fitz-Greene Halleck, It has been repaired by Charles 
Kean, Edmund's son, in 1846, by E. A. Sothern in 1874, and in 1890 by 
Edwin Booth. 




The Astor House, on the ~^~" 

next block above St. Paul's, between Vesey and Bar- 
clay Streets, is one of the best known of metropolitan hotels. It occupies 
the whole front of the block, and is constructed of dark gray granite. 
Its small, square windows and severely plain sty le,gi ve it something of Egyptian 
massiveness. It has been the temporary home of many of the world's most 
famous men and women. In the rotunda under the center of the building is 



38 BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 

the restaurant, where some two or three thousand people lunch daily. 

The Post-office is in the form of a blunted equilateral triangle, or a 
sort of trapezoid, bounded by Broadway on the west. Park Row on the east, 
Mail Street and City Hall Park on the north, and the small open space, be- 
tween Park Row and Broadway, where several surface car lines have their 
termini, on the south. It is by no means a handsome building- ; its style, 
which is a sort of bastard Doric with some traces of Renaissance mixed up 
with it, neither pleases the eye nor satisfies the taste. But its huge size, and 
the solidity of its granite walls, give it an impressiveness and even a sugges- 
tion of grandeur. Its Broadway and Park Row sides measure 340 feet, while 
the Mail Street side, on the north, extends 290 feet. A large dome, modeled 
after that of the Louvre, rises from the middle of the Broadway front. A 
few figures from a recent report will give some idea of the amount of busi- 
ness done in this one branch of the United States postal system. During the 
year 543,000,000 pieces of mail matter passed through the office, in 3,250,000 
bags, weighing 240,000,000 pounds. The sales of stamps and stamped matter 
figured $5,200,000. Other stamps, box rents, money orders, etc., amounted 
to about $91,500,000. In the registr^^ department 7,500,000 packages and 
letters were received and forwarded ; 47,000 letters were refused by those 
to whom they were addressed, because of additional postage due ; 43,000 
letters, sent to hotels and unclaimed, were returned to the New York Post- 
Office ; 500,000 were misdirected, and out of these, by the patience and skill 
of the clerks, more than four-fifths finally found their proper destination. A 
million and a quarter of letters were sent to the " Dead Letter Office." From 
foreign lands 22,000,000 letters were received, while over 26,000,000 were 
forwarded. A gallery runs along the Park Row side of the building, reached 
by the main entrance, whence the busy scene below maybe watched by visitors 
Attendants in various parts of the edifice will direct strangers to the most in 
teresting portions of the vast human hive. On all hands it is acknowledged 
that the Post-Office is the most perfect, most economical, and most satisfac- 
tory of all branches of government service. 

The City Hall, with its park, occupies the ancient Common, which was 
first a pasture, then a place for public ceremonies. A gallows and a powder- 
house stood here, both then being far enough removed from the little city 
to avoid the offense of the one and the peril of the other. The City Hall was 
begun in 1803, when the corner stone was laid by Mayor Livingston, and was 
finished in 1812, the cost being half a million dollars. Though not remarkable 
as to size, it is the finest and best balanced public edifice in the countrj\ The 
architecture is classic ; the front and sides are marble, while the rear is free- 
stone, a remarkable evidence of the shortsightedness of the New Yorkers of 
those days, who could not conceive that the city proper would ever grow beyond 
the park, and fancied that the freestone back would always look upon fields 
and farms to the north. The structure consists of a central portion two 
stories high, with a fine cupola, and two wings of the same height. A flight 
of steps leads up to a colonnade with Ionic columns. A spiral stone staircase 
runs from the first floor to a circular galler}^ bordered by marble shafts with 
Corinthian capitals. The Mayor's office is here, and is connected with the 



40 BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 

Council Chamber, where is to be seen the celebrated painting- of Washing-ton, 
by Trumbull. The Governor's room consists of a number of large apart- 
ments on the second floor, and contains the old furniture of the first Congress 
taken from Federal Hall, of which two desks used by Washing-ton form part. 
In the Governor's room are many portraits of Governors, Mayors, and other 
magnates, valuable chiefly in an historical sense. Under Jefferson's desk, 
which is preserved here, is a huge punch-bowl, used at the Erie Canal banquet 
and celebration. A curious portrait of Washington, of silk woven in Lyons, 
France, and costing- $10,000, may be seen in the south doorwaj^, between the 
east wing- and the main building. Portraits and busts of Washington, by 
Stuart and Trumbull, John Jay, Lafayette, Franklin, Morgan Lewis, General 
Williams, Jefferson, Seward, Hamilton Fish, DeWitt Clinton, and Baron 
Steuben, are placed in various parts of the suite. In the northwest corner of 
the building is the Aldermanic Chamber. In this room are portraits of 
Jefferson, Monroe, Taylor, Jackson and Clay. To the west of the City Hall 
proper is the 

County Court House, a large, white marble structure — one of the cost- 
liest structures ever put up — in a modified Corinthian order, three stories in 
height, and measuring- 250 by 150 feet. It has a fine portico, with steps and 
columns on the Chambers Street side. The State Courts and the sheriff's 
and county clerk's offices are situated here. 

Park Roiiv is a succession of newspaper offices, comprising most of the 
best known and most powerful journals in the country. At the lower end, on 
the southeast corner of Ann Street and Broadway, is the white marble home 
of the 

Herald, with the Evening Telegram in its immediate rear. At the 
triangle where Nassau Street joins the Row is the 

Times Building;, a handsome Romanesque structure, and one of the 
noblest of its order in America. 

Xlie Tribune Building is diag-onally across the street from the 
Times. It is a lofty edifice of brick, with colored brick trimmings, and a 
clock tower which may be seen from the Bay. It is spoken of as a g-ood speci- 
men of Neo-Grec. architecture, but, owing to its apparent eccentricity and 
general singularity of outline, has been frequently made the subject of good- 
humored jesting, and is commonly referred to as " the Tall Tower." 

The Pulitzer Building:, which is the home of the New York World, 
is one of the loftiest edifices used for business purposes in existence. It stands 
upon the corner of Frankfort Street, and its enormous gilded dome rises 309 
feet above the sidewalk. From the gallerj- of the lantern, which is open to 
visitors at all times during the day, a wonderful view may be obtained of the 
metropolis and environs for miles around. The Siui building, which adjoins 
the Tribune, is much smaller than either of its journalistic neighbors, but is 
almost entirely devoted to the uses of the paper itself, whereas the others accom- 
modate tenants in all classes of business. 

The Staats Zeitung:, the great German newspaper of New York, oc- 
cupies a large and substantial granite edifice toward the upper end of the Row, 
and near the Brooklyn Bridge terminal on one side, and the Register's Office on 



42 BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 

the other. It is plain, and without much pretense to architectural originality 
or beauty, but it is of good proportions and solidly constructed, very distantly 
reminding one of the Post-OfRce. Like most of its contemporaries, the 
Zeitung only occupies a part of its building, letting out the rest in offices. 

Tlie Register's Office, or the Hall of Records, is one of the most in- 
teresting edifices in the city. It is historic ; for during the whole of the 
British occupation of New York, it was used as a prison and filled with 
American patriots captured by the English. The infamous Provost Marshal 
Cunningham was in charge of it, and abused and tortured the hapless victims 
by every device his brutality could invent It was built for a jail and prison 
as far back as 1757. In those days it had its stocks, pillory, whipping-post, and 
gallows, and stood well beyond the confines of the town. Hale, the heroic 
sp3', spent his last night on earth here. Ethan Allen, who was imprisoned in 
this fearful den, has left us a vivid picture of the horrors endured by the 
Americans. 

Tlie Xer minus of tlie Elevated R.ail\%'ay and Kast River 
Bridge is a single system. That is, the New York end of the Bridge con- 
nects directly with the City Hall branch of the Second and Third Avenue 
lines ; so that passengers coming across in the Bridge cars have but a few 
steps to walk, on the same level, before entering the waiting rooms and ticket 
offices of the two eastern up- town lines. A person can come from Brooklyn 
by the cable cars, pass into the waiting Elevated Railway train, and be on the 
way toward the north, with a wait, during the bus}" part of the day, of not 
more than one, or, at most, two minutes. He can proceed to any of the sta- 
tions giving direct connection with innumerable horse- car surface lines run- 
ning east and west across the island. He can get out at Thirty-fourth Street 
and enter a "shuttle" car, which will take him to the Long Island Ferry, 
whence the complicated system of railway's, with a common depot at the 
Ferry House, will conve}" him to any part of Long Island. Or he can con- 
tinue on to Forty-second Street, where a " shuttle" car will take him to the 
Grand Central Depot, from which he can board a train which will carry him 
to any point over the whole countr\\ The Bridge and combined Elevated 
Railway terminus is but a dozen steps north of the World Building. To a 
.stranger the first view of the Bridge from its street entrance is disappointing. 
But let him walk through the gates and get well upon the great roadway, and 
the magnitude of the work will begin to dawn upon him. He will hardl}" 
recognize that the vast gre}" tower a third of a mile before him, to which a 
network of spider-like lines seems to cling, is a part of the structure upon 
which he stands. As he strolls onward up the gentle incline, however, he 
will observe that the tall houses and factories on either hand continue to sink, 
until he is looking down upon their roofs, and that they have sunk into pigmy 
proportions beneath his feet. As he approaches the base of the New York 
tower, and sees it looming far above, with the great bridge cables curving 
upwards to its crown, and curving away downwards again towards the middle 
of the river, as he sees the twin cities on either bank of the stream spread out 
like maps, and notes how steamers, ferrj^boats, and tall ships have dwindled to 
mere toys, then he begins to understand that he is upon the greatest bridge 



..-.^ ^ -. 




44 



BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 



of the world. As he walks on, he observes that the four main cables which, at 
a distance, seem as threads, are vast combined masses of steel wire, sixteen 
inches thick, from which is slung- the whole magnificent span from tower to 
tower. And he will pause, awe-stricken at the daring genius which conceived 
such a work. If he wishes to see it best, as a w^hole, he will take a Fulton 
Ferry boat, which crosses from New York to Brooklyn in the shadow of the 
bridge. 

The plans for the bridge were prepared as far back as 1865, and in 1867 a 
company was formed to erect it with private capital. In 1875 the scheme was 
made a State work. John A. Eoebling, who was the most eminent builder of 
suspension bridges, began the construction ; 7,000-ton caissons, manj^ times. 




FC>C»T-PATH EAST RIVEK BRIDGE. 



larger than any devised before that period, were sunk, and thousands of tons 
of concrete filling were put down. The Brooklyn tower was finished in the 
spring of 1875, and the New York tower a year later. The bridge was opened 
May 24, 1883. While the g-reat work was going on, there were many fatal 
and painful disasters. The architect, John A. Roebling, was himself injured 
in one of these accidents, and died of lockjaw in July, 1879. His son, Wash- 
ington Roebling, succeeded him, and he in turn was stricken with disease, due 
to exposure ; but, aided by his wife, continued his superintendence from a 
window in his Brooklyn residence. 

A few figures will convey an idea of the mag-nitude of this most wonder- 
ful construction of modern times : The New York tower contains 46,945 cubic 
yards of masonry, the Brooklyn tower 38,214 cubic yards. The clear river 



BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 45 

span is 1,595 feet, 6 inches. The length of the New York approach is 1,562 
feet, 6 inches; the Brooklyn approach, 971 feet; total length of bridge, 5,989 
feet. There are four main cables, each 16 inches in diameter, or more than 
4 feet in circumference. The towers are 272 feet above high water, and the 
«lear span of the bridge at the center is 135 feet. 

The view from the bridge roadway is wide and splendid. The twin cities lie 
below in a bird's-eye view, and far away on every side are the neighboring 
villages, the rivers gleaming like ribbons of silver, the broad bay melting into 
the misty waters of the Lower Harbor and the ocean. It is a scene never to 
be forgotten. 

As many as 159,300 passengers have been carried across b}^ the bridge 
cars in one day, and up to the close of 1891 the record of passengers sums up 
close to 181,000,000, and this is exclusive of the innumerable boat passengers. 

Xlie Neivsboys* LrOdging-House is reached by passing from Park 
Row up New Chambers Street. It is one of the most successful, as well as one 
of the most beneficent, of that best of charitable organizations, The Children's 
Aid Society. The boys are received here, lodged and fed at the rate of six 
cents a meal, and the same price for a bed. The reason of the charge 
is to cause the boys to feel themselves self-supporting, and not paupers. A 
boy who has ordina ry physical strength and wits can earn at least a few cents 
a day, and for his own sake he should be compelled to do so. At the same 
time, if a boy applies at the Lodging-House without money he is not turned 
away, but receives food and a bed just as if he paid for them. 

Since its foundation, some thirty-eight years ago, the Lodging-House has 
taken in about a quarter of a million boys. The expenses have amounted to 
something like |450,000, of which the boys themselves have contributed about 
one-third. Connected with the institution are a good gymnasium, a library, a 
reading-room, and a day and night industrial school. Besides lodging, feeding 
and educating, a good proportion of the boj's are provided with permanent 
homes and emploj'ment. 

Xlie Five Points Mission, not far from Park Row and City Hall, is 
the site of the most wickedly notorious quarter in New York, namel^^, the 
old Five Points. Walking down Worth, formerly Anthony, Street, the 
visitor reaches a small " square," really a triangle, formed by the junction of 
Worth, Park and Baxter Streets. This triangle was known as " Paradise 
Park " at a time, some forty years ago, when it was like the mouth of hell 
itself. Nothing in the Whitechapel district of London, or the Court of 
Miracles of Paris, could more than parallel this den of savage crime, misery 
and filth. Dickens, who had seen the worst of his own metropolis, speaks of 
it with horror. The streets that led to it were lined with tumble-town tene- 
ments, fairly awful in their malignant dirt, disease and sin. Starvation, rob- 
bery, murder, and bodily ills of the most loathsome sort held sway here. 
Every night some frightful crime was committed in the gloomy alleys leading 
into the poisonous depths of the rookeries, and the police were powerless to 
protect the victims or to bring the criminals to justice. In 1850 the Ladies' 
Home Missionary Society, of the Methodist Church, was formed to redeem 
this blotch upon the cit3^ For two years the struggle went on against o^ 



4G 



BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 



stacles which might have disheartened any body of men, hut the devoted v/omen 
held on. Schools, prayer-meetings, temperance gatherings were held, mission 
work from house to house, charity, persuasion, help, moral and physical, — all 
these agents finally broke through the hideous night and let in the first gleams 
of dawn. " The Old Brewery," on one of the corners— a den which had wit- 
nessed enough of vice and misery to have blighted its very walls— was pur- 
chased, and upon its site was erected the Five Points Mission. Since then law 
and order have entered this wretched section, and it has ceased to be the peril 
and the disgrace of the city. Many of the squalid hovels have given place to 
tall factories and business houses, and the backbone of the dragon that 




MULBERRY BEND. 



haunted the region has been broken. At the Mission religious instruction is 
given. There is a day-school, with an industrial department, a cooking-school 
and a fresh-air home. The deserving poor are supplied with clothing, food 
and medicines. Lodgings, with several sets of rooms for destitute families, 
are provided. 

The Tombs is the most celebrated — if the word can be properly used in 
such a connection — of New York prisons. It is situated on Centre Street, 
between Leonard and Franklin Streets, and its outward aspect is grim and 
terrifying. It is built of granite in a quasi-Egyptian style, with receding 
walls, heavy copings, columns with lotus capitals, and heavy-browed 



BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 47 

entrances, and the whole crouching, ugly configuration seems to express 
something of the vast mass of sorrow, crime, and despair which has marked 
its history. Here was in old daj^s the pond or lake called the Collect, in 
some places from 40 to 100 feet deep. On the Collect John Fitch experi- 
mented with his screw propeller steamboat in 1790. The Collect was filled in, 
and later on the Tombs was built upon a part of the quagmire. The Tombs, 
it is said, first received its sinister name from the number of prisoners who 
died in its damp cells. The Tombs Police Court and the Court of Special 
Sessions are held here. From the latter court the " Bridge of Sighs " leads 
to the prison, and across this bridge convicted criminals are led. The visitor 
maj' obtain a permit from the Commissioners of Charities and Corrections, 66 
Third Avenue, to go through the Tombs. 

Mulberry Bend occurs where Mulberry Street turns sharp around, not 
far from Bayard Street. Here swarm Italians, Chinese, Polish Jews, and 
other foreigners of the lowest class. Many of the houses which line the 
narrow thoroughfare are tall, old, ramshackle brick tenements, crammed 
from cellar to roof with families whose way of life is as mysterious as it is 
uncanny. Dirt, misery, darkness, and disease are rampant. Despite the best 
efforts of the Health Board and the police, the dwellings are pestiferous, 
physically and morally. The streets and alleys are laden with festering refuse, 
and every species of crime and suffering exist, seemingly beyond the reach of 
law or sympathy. Here for two cents one may get shelter in a chair all night, 
together with a meal — what the meal is imagination prefers not to conceive. 
Some of the dives are known by such significant names as " Bandits' Roost," 
" Blazes," and other titles hardly to be recorded here. 

Cliinato-wn is that part of Mott Street from Park Row to Bayard 
Street, where the natives of the Flowery Kingdom have collected in the 
ancient tenements and rookeries, and made the region practically their own. 
Here are Chinese shops, opium joints, laundries, restaurants and dwellings. 
Here, too, the initiated may find in secret back rooms, up rickety stairs and 
along dark, greasy corridors, "fan-tan " games going on; while in the res- 
taurants are openly displayed the sofas, covered with cheap torn calico, and the 
stands with the lamps and bottles where opium smoking is indulged in. These 
restaurants are strange places, and well worth a visit by those who are anx- 
ious to test Chinese cookery. For one dollar you ma}' procure a meal suffi- 
cient in quantity for three ordinary people, and some of tiie dishes are ex- 
tremely appetizing, while all are mysterious in appearance and taste. Rice, 
perfumed pork, stuffed ducks' feet, birds'-nest soup, a dozen varieties of 
oriental fish, cocks' combs, dried eels, and a dozen other odd and unusual 
forms of animal or vegetable aliment may be had, with unlimited tea and a 
sort of fiery rice brandy dispensed in tiny cups of porcelain. Ever3^thing is 
.'^'^Tupulously clean, though the surroundings are bare and by no means in- 
viting. You are given a pair of chop sticks and an odd-shaped fork, though, 
in deference to American ways, spoons and knives are furnished, if requested. 
Signs on colored paper and oil-cloth, printed in Chinese text, hang against the 
walls of the various buildings, or in the windows, or protrude on sticks over 
Lne doors. The inhabitants in their baize or cloth shirts and cloaks and char- 



48 



BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 



acteristic round felt hats, hang- about the steps or lounge listlessly along the 
sidewalks. White girls, vividly painted, with brazen hair and manners, chat- 
ter with the yellow-skinned celestials in reeking hallways. At No. 6 Mott 
Street is a genuine Chinese temple where, in a small way, no doubt, the cere- 
monial is carried on, and the joss-sticks burned with as much zeal as if the 
temple were in the heart of Pekin. Just beyond is the school and church of 
the Transfiguration, with an image of Christ in a niche above the entrance. 
Many of the small, dingy-looking shops with colored lanterns over the doors 
are Chinese importing houses, and their owners are wealthy. The quarter is 
squalid and dirty, but many of the occupants are reall}^ very rich, most of 
them well to do, and few or none really poor. Night is the 
best time to make a tour of Chinatown, when, in the company 
of a detective from Police Headquarters, the peculiarities of 
the quarter are most apparent. 



fjfpVr ,. . 




Cliatliaiti Square was, 

a few years ago, a cheap clothing market, pre- 
sided over by Jews, and had a degree of local celebrity on that account. The 
Pig Boot of Chatham Street, a huge wooden sign, was at one time quite 
famous, and "by the Big Boot on Chatham Street," was a harmless oath 
almost as popular as " by the Great Horn Spoon." The great boot has disap- 
peared, but many of the Jew clothing shops remain, and one may still witness 
the ancient methods of selling goods, the sudden darting out of the shop- 
keeper upon some verdant looking passer-by, followed by a scuffle and the 
capture of the victim. At this point the Second and Third Avenue Elevated 
Railway systems separate, the main line continuing on down towards the Bat- 
terjs while a branch carries passengers to the City Hall and the Bridge. Nearly 



BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 



49 



the whole of Chatham Square is roofed in by the stations and platforms of the 
elevated roads. 

Division Street may be reached from the Bowery at Chatham Square. 
The trade carried on in this thoroug-hfare is perhaps as curious a sight as 
any in New York. The street is almost entirely given up to millinery stores, 
and the sidewalks are lined by attendants who practice the same tactics with 
women as are practiced with men on Chatham Square. It is no uncommon 
sight to see a woman, evidently from the country, seized by a male or female 
and carried bodily into the adjacent shop regardless of her expostulations, the 
chances being in such cases that the victim will not escape without leaving a 
portion of the contents of her pocket-book in exchange for some article of 
head-wear which she does not want. 

Tlie Bowery is one of the great arteries of the lower portion of the 
city. It has been called the German Broadway. It is one of the oldest 
thoroughfares in New York, as its name, derived from the Dutch Bauerie, a 
farm, would indicate. At one time, not many years since, it was the center of 




ESSEX STREET. 



50 BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 

the tough element hi the city. The Bowery boys and girls have been the themes 
of many popularballads,andinthedaysof the volunteer flre department "Mose 
and Lize " of the play might be met in the flesh here. But -Mose and Lize have 
passed away, perhaps to the gold fields of California, perhaps to grow into 
old age and respectability on a Western farm, and their progeny keep shops 
on the west side, or perhaps have become well-known city politicians or even 
snug and wealthy residents of Madison Avenue. The phosphorescent glory 
of the Bowery has departed, and its place is filled by the glare of beer saloons, 
and the electric lights of cheap resorts. The decent German and the dubious 
Polish Jew have succeeded the ancient population. Near Canal Street and the 
Bowery is the Thalia Theatre, once the principal German plav-house in the 
city, and, earlier still, the famous Bowery Theatre where some of the greatest 
of dramatic stars had their rising in this country. 

Grand Street runs from the East River, crossing Canal to Desbrosses 
Street. The street is crowded with Polish Jews, both residents and keepers 
of shops, or venders of small wares along the sidewalk. Grand Street is an 
artery of trade and certain classes of cheap goods may be bought here at 
wonderfully low prices, suiting the means of the vast section of poor people for 
which Grand Street is a main thoroughfare. At all times of the day and dur- 
ing a great part of the night, it literally swarms, not only with the thousands 
who buy and sell, but with the other thousands who, either lacking homes or 
possessing homes hardly fit to kennel in, wander along the street, congregate 
at corners and pass their lives in aimless slouching from place to place. At 
Grand and Elm are the offices of the Board of Education. From this center, the 
admirable system of public schools is managed; the S3^stem, considering its 
opportunities, being well-nigh perfect. Just above Grand, on Ludlow Street, 
is the well-known Ludlow Street Jail, where prisoners arrested on civil pro- 
ceedings, or by order of the Federal Courts, are confined. This is a county 
jail, and the visitor can inspect it by getting a permit from the sheriff at the 
County Court House. Office hours from 9 a. m. till 4 p. m. 

Essex Street is just back of Ludlow Street and here is the Essex 
Market Police Court, famous in newspaper reports for many trials of minor 
"celebrated cases." The dingy walls of this court-room are pages crowded 
with the darkest history of human sin and suffering which only the pen of a 
Dickens or a Zola could relate in fitting language. The visitor should b}' 
all means spend an hour or two in the forenoon here, no permit being required. 

St. Aug^ustiue Cliapel, on Houston Street, not far east of the Bowery, 
the only Protestant-Episcopal Church in this district, where there are but few 
churches of any kind, was erected for the purpose of trying to bring in the 
poor people of this vast quarter, and to instruct their children. The 
noticeable feature of the chapel is that on Sundays and church holidays the 
cross on the spire is illuminated, and the symbol may be seen far and wide 
over the thickly-crowded hovels and tenements, a sign of hope, let us believe, 
to manj' suffering wretches. The church is in fine Gothic style and beautifully 
decorated. From the gate to the colored windows in the rear, there is a fine 
distance of over 200 feet. The bell was made nearly two hundred years ago 
and was given to New York's Trinity about four or five years later. 



BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 



51 



Astor Library is a large building' of brown stone and brick. It was 
originally endowed by John Jacob Astor, who died in 1848, leaving $400,000 
for the library. It is situated upon the west side of Lafayette Place, not far 
from the corner of Astor Place. William B. Astor and John Jacob Astor 
added, respectively, $550,000 and $700,000. The library was originally in 
Bond Street, where in 1849 it numbered about twenty thousand volumes. The 
present edifice was opened in 1854, 
two wings having been added to the 
main building since. The library is 
open from 9 a. m. till 5 P. M. during 
the greater part of the year. In 
winter the library closes at 4 P. m. 
The Astor is not a circulating, but a 
reference library. It contains now 
something over 270,000 volumes, and 
the estate with which it is endowed 
is supposed to be worth about 
$2,000,000. The statistics of the 
year last past show that about 
70,000 persons visited the library as 
readers. The library has a splendid 
collection of rare books and manu- 
scripts, the earliest date, 870 a. d., 
being a fine illuminated vellum. 




GRACE CHURCH. 



52 BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 

There is also a splendid parchment of the seventeenth century, bound 
in purple morocco, containing" antiphonal music used by the Roman Cath- 
olic Church, with many fine paintings and miniatures. Among the valu- 
able possessions of the library are one of the six copies of the first letter of 
Columbus describing his discovery of the new world, the first edition of the 
Bible printed with a date, an original copy of the papal bull against Luther, 
three folio editions of Shakespeare, dated 1623, 1632 and 1685, with many auto- 
graph letters of celebrated men. For the student and man of letters, the 
Astor Library is one of the most interesting points in New York, 

Tlie Bible House. And now we come to a building that has had and 
still exerts a wider influence over the human race here and abroad than any other 
in the city. This plain, unpretentious, but massive structure, filling the whole 
block enclosed by Third and Fourth Avenues and Eighth and Ninth Streets, 
is the celebrated Bible House, the home of the American Bible Society, 
founded in 1816, settled in this house in 1853, and employing 500 people in 
the printing of the Word of God in English, German, French, Italian, Nor- 
wegian, Danish, Welsh, Finnish, Hungarian, Bohemian, Polish, Russian, 
Chinese, Hebrew, Arabic, Japanese, Pongee, Zulu, Hawaian, Persian, Hin- 
dostani, and many American Indian dialects. 

Since its institution this society has sent out to the world more than 
52,736,073 Bibles. Its income, derived wholly from voluntary donations, is 
immense, but so is its expenditure. Agents are employed to visit families, 
ships in port, emigrant depots, and its colporteurs pervade the earth carrying 
the " glad tidings of great J03' to all people." 

In this building is to be found a rich collection of copies of the Holy 
Scriptures, including the editions of 1611, the first Bible printed in the United 
States, the Caxton Memorial Bible, the Oxford edition (reprint of 1833), the 
Cambridge " Paragraph " Bible, the " Psaltorium Americanum " of 1718, the 
*' Breeches Bible," so-called because in Genesis, chap, iii., verse 7, the text 
says : " He made them breeches of fig leaves "; the " Vinegar Bible," which 
takes its curious designation from the fact that, in the twenty-second chapter 
of Luke, the word "vinegar" is used for "vineyard," together with the 
archives of the American revisers and the collection of MSS. made for their 
use. Among them is a Hebrew roll on vellum, containing part of the Penta- 
teuch, which rare MSS. was brought from China, in which conservative 
country it had lain neglected for centuries till discovered and rescued by our 
missionaries. 

The Ne-w York Historical Society has its home on the southeas*: 
corner of Eleventh Street and Second Avenue. This society was establishei 
in 1804, " for the collecting and preserving of whatever might relate to the 
natural, civil and ecclesiastical history of the United States in general, and 
the great and sovereign State of New York in particular." The museum and 
library of the society are open on week days from 9 a. m till 6 p. m., except 
during' the torrid month of August, on presentation of a member's card. 
The library contains 75,000 books and 2,700 bound volumes of American 
newspapers, from 1704 to the present year, besides a huge collection of MSS. 
and documents dating from the first colonization of the country to the late 




STATUE OF LAFAYETTE 



54 



BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 



civil war. History, heraldry and chronologj^ are well represented. It is 
hither that our local " Kings-at-Arms " resort, when it is a question of 
tracing- blue blood through muddy channels to its original fount of honor — 
European nobility. 

The accumulation of American antiquities, supplemented by valuable 
collections of foreign art, literature, and archgeology, has grown to such noble 
proportions as to crowd the present building to inconvenience, and it is full 
time that a more fitting and convenient local habitation should be found. 
Among the inimitable rarities hidden here for lack of space and proper 
service are fourteen original portraits of the "Incas," with their names and 
the order of their reigns. There are also Audubon's original aquarelles for 
his "Birds of America," and many examples of early American art from 
the easel of Benjamin West, who afterwards transferred his allegiance to 
England, and was the favorite of Hanoverian royalty ; Washington Allston's 
painting of th€ wonderful " Uriel in the Sun," the deftly-blended prismatic 
hues of which fairly dazzle like the solar orb itself, and Stuart, Peale, Cole and 
Jarvis. There are also specimens of the old masters and various Egyptian 
sculptures, mummies, and other relics of that land of wonder and mystery 
from which so much of our modern civilization is derived. 

Grace Cliurcli, on the block north of Tenth Street, on the east side of 
Broadway, is an exquisitely beautiful group of ecclesiastical buildings, con- 
sisting of the church itself, the clergy house, with a library and reading-room 
open to all members of the parish, and a chantry, in which daily services of 
prayer and praise are held. There is no more charming view, even in the 
great cathedral towns of Europe, than that offered by this oasis of four- 
teenth century Gothic architecture and nineteenth century gardening, break- 
ing and beautifying the turbid stream of busy life that surges through Broad- 
way. The one thing needful to complete its beauty is the possession of the 
ground on the Tenth Street corner, now occupied by a restaurant. Were 
that space fittingly filled by ecclesiastical edifices of congenial design, the 
view would be well-nigh without a rival. 

The chancel contains two fine organs, a choir organ on the left of the altar, 
and a great organ in the music loft over the main door. These noble instru- 
ments are joined by an electrical conductor, and are under the control of the 
organist. The chancel and the organs are the gift of Miss Catherine Loril- 
lard Wolfe, in memory of her father. The church has also several splendid 
memorial windows, and the main door is rich with marble sculptures pre- 
sented by the Schermerhorn family. 

As yet the choir is not a vested one, like that of Trinity, but no doubt will 
conform in time to the cathedral custom of white surplices and boy trebles. 

Grace Church was founded m 1805, at the corner of Broadway and Rector 
Street, and moved up-town with its congregation in 184C. It is a rich church, 
almost as well to do as Trinity, and possesses a most melodious chime of bells, 
which " sound so grand " on snow-covered Broadway at Christmas-tide, when 
crowds may be seen standing on the sidewalks, listening enraptured to the 
*'Adeste Fideles," the "Old Hundred," and the dismissal melody of 
*' Home, Sweet Home." 



BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 



55 






STATUE OF WASHINGTON. 



Union Square forty years ago was the "Ultima Thule " of New York 
City civilization. Beyond that was the " Debateable Ground," studded 
with fine old country mansions, a specimen of which may still be seen in g-ood 
order and repair at the corner of l()4th Street and Eighth Avenue, the 
house in which the celebrated Aaron Burr once had his dwelling. The square, 
for many years, was railed in as Gramercy Park is to-day, but under the 
extravagant and corrupt, but broadly decorative, " Tweed ring" government, 
the obnoxious and restrictive bars were removed, the ground laid out, and the 
exquisite water garden formed, which, in summer, makes the center of Union 



56 



BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 



Square an oriental paradise. There is no more delightful thing on this earth 
than the plot where the Egyptian and Indian lotos, the water lily of Japan, 
the water poppy of South America and the papj^rus of the Nile, grow together 
like a happy family, shedding beauty and perfume around. And now extend- 
ing on each side of Broadway 

Fourteentli Street bustles and seethes, a busy, brilliant scene, in which 
shops of all kinds, from the gaudy, flashy French restaurant and cafe to the 
sober but magnificent dry-goods store, spread their snares for the passer-by. 

It is a bazaar, the whole street, from the Domestic building to the renowned 
" Macy's " on the west, and a Piccadilly on the east, one all shops and 
business, the other all taverns and amusement. Fourteenth Street is cow the 
dividing line between " Up " and " Down " town — even asBleecker Street was 
in the days of our fathers, and Canal Street in that of our grandfathers. 

The great bronze statue of Washington graces fitly this boundary ; the 
Father of his Country sits majestically on his war horse in the midst of the 
metropolis which his valor and discretion made possible, as the guardian 
genius of the place. 

The statue is by H. K. Brown, and looks towards the noble figure of his 
friend and associate in heroism, the Marquis de Lafayette, which graces the 
southern end of Union Square, and that of Lincoln, the martyr, on the south- 
west. 




FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD, 




Xlie Wasliington Arch is the new and beautiful memorial arch erected 
on the historic site, Washington Square, formerly called " The Parade 
Ground," which served in early times as a *' place d' armes " for military 
drills and public meetings. 

The square contains nine acres of land and is planted with splendid trees, 
the umbrageous shade of which is grateful to the eye in summer time. 

This square was formerly the most aristocratic dwelling-place in New York, 
and there still remains many grand mansions of red brick pointed with white 
marble on the north side. Behind these relics of the olden times there is a 



58 FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 

genuine mews, " The Washington Mews," which, as in London squares, 
afford a place of stabling for the horses and carriages of the wealthy inhab- 
itants, and dwellings for the coachmen and grooms. Stately as these mansions 
are, they are built on what was once a " potter's field." 

The Washington Arch, which forms an imposing and appropriate entrance 
to the well-known Fifth Avenue, is of white marble and designed by Stan- 
ford White. It is 86 feet high, with a span of 30 feet, and the piers are 10 
feet each in width. 

The erection of this arch was suggested by a temporary erection on the 
same plan by the same author, which was put up for the Washington Cen- 
tennial in 1889. 

The castellated building which, since 1832, has been the home of the 
School of Arts and Sciences and the Law School of the New York University, 
but which will give place to the new University Building beyond Carmans- 
ville, is a noteworthy object. Here Samuel F. B. Morse made the experiments 
which, later, *' put a girdle round the earth in forty minutes," and here John 
W. Draper carried out his photographic and philosophical speculations and 
trials. 

The Studio Buildings stands on the north side of Tenth Street, between 
Fifth and Sixth Avenues, and is the first especially devoted to pictorial art 
in New York. It is of brick, and imposing in appearance. Many fine artists, 
among whom is William M. Chase, have their quarters here. 

Tlie Ne^w York Hospital is situated on the north side of Fifteenth 
Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues, extending through to Sixteenth 
Street. It was built in 1877, but the institution itself is the oldest in town and 
stood formerly on Broadway, where Thomas Street now is. It was opened 
regularly in 1791. The hospital is affiliated with the Bloomingdale Asylum 
for the Insane, and both institutions have done excellent service. 

The dwelling-house of the faculty, on Sixteenth Street, is a splendid man- 
sion covered with ivy in the summer. 

The Judge Building is a magnificent structure on Fifth Avenue, at 
the corner of Sixteenth Street, and further towards Sixth Avenue is the Jesuit 
Church of St. Francis Xavier ; adjoining which and having a main front on 
Sixth Avenue is the fine building devoted to the Greenwich Savings Bank — a 
strange conjunction of temples to God and Mammon. 

Passing upwards, we come to Twenty-third Street, which is a replica of 
Fourteenth Street, having the well-known Fifth Avenue Hotel and the 
celebrated 

madison Square ; a charming plot of ground, well wooded, and con- 
taining a fountain that sparkles in the sun like a jet of diamonds. A memorial 
monument to General Worth stands in a small triangle on the northeast 
corner, nearly opposite to a rather Philistinic statue of Admiral Farragut in 
undress naval uniform, standing on what looks like a petrified sea. The 
garden of the square is prettily laid out, and in the season of flowers, makes 
a goodly show. 

The National Academy of Design, a " picture in little " of the 
Doge's Palace in Venice, is on the corner of Twenty-third Street and Fourth 



60 FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 

Avenue, and is a beautiful building- of white marble with layers of a light 
g-ray tint. Immediately opposite is the 

Young: Men's Christian Association, where lectures are given to 
young men free, and a gymnasium and other appliances are also to be enjoyed. 

On the corner of Madison Square and occupying the whole of the block 
bounded by Madison and Fourth Avenues, Twenth-sixth and Twenty-seventh 
Streets, is the beautiful 

Madison Square Garden and Theatre, an exquisitely proportioned 
buiidmg in the Renaissance style, designed by Stanford White, built of pressed 
brick, terra cotta and polished granite, with a grand colonnade, an amphi- 
theatre capable of holding 15,000 people, the largest hall in the world, a 
beautiful theatre, a grand ball-room in the style of Louis XVI., which 
has space for 1,500 people, a restaurant and open-air roof garden large enough 
for 3,000 visitors, and illuminated by myriads of electric lights. On the 
southeast corner is the much-talked-of "Diana Tower," 300 feet high, 
and crowned by a figure of the Goddess of the Chase drawing her bow in the 
teeth of the wind. 

On the corner of Broadway and Twenty-sixth Street, and running through 
to Madison Square, is the far-famed restaurant 

Delmonico's, which, for perfection of cooking, excellence of viands and 
deftness of service is unrivalled in America and Europe. 

It was first established down town on the corner of William and Beaver 
Streets, on which site a branch of the restaurant still does a flourishing busi- 
ness. Then, supplemented by a house at 23 Broad Street, still progressing up 
town with the growth of the city, resting for a while at a spot opposite the 
Cit}^ Hall Park, and afterwards at the northeast corner of Fifth Avenue and 
Fourteenth Street, finally settling its headquarters in its present location. 
Delmonico's has held its own against all comers. Next in esteem as a. 
place for good fare is the 

Hoffman House, on Broadway opposite the Worth Monument. This 
hotel is noted for the splendor of its appointments and especially for the 
magnificence of its bar-room, in which paintings b}' the best masters, sculp- 
ture of the first merit, and bric-a-brac fit to adorn a palace are lavishly em- 
ployed to decorate the shrine of Bacchus. 

The cellar and kitchen are on a par with the furnishings, making, in all, 
one of the most perfect of hotels. 

The block extending between Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Streets on 
the west side of Fifth Avenue is part of the great Astor estate, which owns 
some 2,700 dwelling-houses and yields a yearly income of $13,000,000. This 
colossal property, which has been kept in the possession of the family by 
agreement, just as the wealth of the Rothschilds has been preserved from 
division in Europe, was founded by John Jacob Astor, when coming out to 
America as the agent of a firm of musical instrument manufacturers, headed 
by his uncle and the well-known Broadwood, of London ; changed his voca- 
tion to that of a fur dealer, and died worth $20,000,000. 

Astoria, at the mouth of the Columbia River, in Oregon, and the great 
Astor Library, in Lafayette Place, owe their foundation to this pioneer mil- 



rx 










MADISON SQUARE GARDEN 



62 FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 

lionaire, who also built the Astor House as a birthday gift to his son. 

On the corner of Thirty-third Street and Fifth Avenue stands the new 
" Hotel Waldorf," built by William Waldorf Astor, and not j^et quite 
finished. The hotel and its builder are both named after the village of Wal- 
dorf, near Heidelburg, in which the founder of the great Astor family first 
saw the light. This hotel will be a marvel of beauty and luxury when 
completed. 

On the corner of Fifth Avenue and Thirty-fourth Street is the grand 
marble mansion built by A. T. Stewart, the most successful dry-goods mer- 
chant in the world, who, from a poor lad of Scotch-Irish birth, rose to be a 
millionaire many times over and a power in the land. This palace, for it is 
nothing less, is now the home of the Manhattan Club, and is, beyond all doubt, 
the most imposing club-house now existing in any city. 

Turning westward we come to 

Xlie New " Herald " Building^, with its west front on Broad- 
way, its east side on Sixth Avenue, its north side on Thirty-sixth Street, and 
its south front on Thirty-fifth Street, thus occupying the blunt apexed 
triangle ending with the Dodge statue. 

The following description, quoted from the Journalist, will give a good 
idea of what this new departure in journalistic architecture will be when 
finished : 

" The style of the building to rise on this ample site will be pure Italian 
Renaissance, modeled upon the palaces of Verona, Padua and Venice, the 
special type most closely followed being that of the Palace of the Counsels 
at Verona. 

" On three sides there will be deeply recessed arcades behind columns of 
polished granite. The balance of the fronts will be of artificial stone, richly 
ornamented and inlaid with marbles. 

" The fagade of the building facing the square will be surmounted by a 
clock, bells and chimes, similar to those in the clock tower of the Piazza San 
Marco, in Venice. Two colossal figures, representing type-setters, will stand 
on either side of the bell with uplifted maces to strike the hours, the quarters 
and half-hours. 

" The cornice will be surmounted by statues of Minerva at and near the 
corners, and by owls at all other points. The eyes of the owls will each con- 
tain an electric light that will appear and disappear at intervals, thus afford- 
ing an effective and novel outline illumination. The beauty of the building at 
night is expected to be one of the triumphs of the design, and the arcade, with 
its polished columns and shadows, will add much in this respect. The window 
lights are also designed to contribute greatly to the general effect. 

" The main entrance to the offices will be from the faeade on Thirty-fifth 
Street, through the deeply recessed porch or arcade, into the counting-room. 
This room will be very large and rich in marbles and metal work. 

" The basement will contain the engine room, machine shop, boiler room 
and general storage and roller rooms. 

" The press room will have its foundation on the solid rock of the base- 
ment, but in height will extend up to the second story. In this room the great 



64 



FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 



presses will be in operation, and they will be in full view from the Broadway 
side, for there the arcade wall will be of plate glass. This feature of the build- 
ing will make it one of the great attractions of the metropolis— for who is it 
that is not fascinated by the sight of great machinery in motion ? To see 
90,000 papers reeled off in an hour by a single press is worth a journey, and 
to see five presses racing in such gigantic work is something to remember for 
a lifetime. When the Herald moves up-town the spectacle will be free and 
unrestricted to all. 

" The first, or ground floor, will contain the counting room, mail room, 

stereotype room and delivery room, besides the upper part of the press room. 

" The second floor will be reached by a grand staircase and elevator. 

From the large main hall will open out the reception room, the offices and 

rooms of the proprietor, busi- 
ness manager, the auditor, 
council room, and the like. The 
rest of the second floor will 
contain the city department, 
the rooms of the editors, the 
telegraph room, the library, etc. 
" Tlie top floor will be occu- 
pied by the composing depart- 
ment and the art department, 
and will be amply lighted from 
the sides and roof. 




S^^'"^^ 



33d street. 

UP-TOWN STATION 6TH AVENUE 
ELEVATED ROAD. 



" The building will be entirely of solid masonry and iron work, and will 
be perfectly fire-proof. The height to the eaves will be forty-two feet, and to 
the crown of the pitched tile roof fifty-four feet." 

A little higher up is 



FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 



65 



Tlie l^etropolitan Opera House, which stands on the west side of 
Eroadway, occupying- the block between Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Streets, 
nearly opposite the Casino. The opera house is built of yellow brick, in the 
style of Italian Renaissance, of which so many examples are to be found in the 
later New York, having- completely overcome the pseudo-Greco style of former 
days, g-reatly to the beautifying of the city. The house was burnt out, as far 
as the interior fittings g-o, on the 27th of August, 1892, only the outer walls 
being- left standing. It was a magnificent Temple of the Muses, with the most 
capacious auditorium in the world, and a stage only exceeded in space by the 
Opera at Paris and the Imperial Opera at St. Petersburg, Russia. 




METROPOLITAN OPERA HOUSE. 



Union L.eagfue Club has its convenient and. handsome house on 
the northeast corner of Fifth Avenue and Thirty-ninth Street. In politics 
this club IS Republican, and ranks with the Carlton Club, of London, as the 
most important conservative club in the United States. 

On May 12, 1863, it had its quarters at 26 East Seventeenth Street, and 
was definitely incorporated on February 16, 1865. On the first of April the 
club removed to a house on the southeast corner of Twenty-sixth Street and 
Madison Avenue, now occupied by the University Club, and entered its present 
building on March 5, 1881. 

As the name denotes — the Union League is devotedly attached to the 
doctrine : 



66 



FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 



" The union of States, 
The union of hands, 
The union of hearts none shall sever." 

The present clubhouse is in the Queen Anne style, occupies 84 feet on 
Fifth Avenue and 139 feet on Thirty-ninth Street, and the architects are 
Peabody and Stearns, of Boston, Mass. 

Turning- to the right at Forty-second Street, we come to the 

Grand. Central Railroad Depot, which extends to Forty-fifth Street 
on the north side of Foui th Ave- 
nue, a magnificent structure of 
pressed brick and iron, 695 feet 
long- by 240 wide. Hence start 
the New York Central and Hud- 
son River Railroad, the New York 
and Harlem, a branch of the first, 
and the New York, New Haven 
and Hartford. 

The main span of the depot 
in which these roads 
meet, and whence they 
start, is covered by an 
arch of glass 110 feet 




GRAND CENTRAL RAILROAD DEPOT. 



FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 



67 



in height, with a span of 200 feet, and can easily house 12 trains of 12 coaches 
each. There is also an annex, covering half the block, between Fourth and 
Lexington Avenues, from Forty-second to Forty-fifth Streets, used for in- 
coming trains and waiting rooms. 

About 125 trains arrive and depart daily, and every sort of accommoda- 
tion is lavishly provided for travelers, who can be fed, shaved, dressed and 
polished up, under its roof. 

A branch of the Third Avenue Elevated Railroad has a station here, from 
which point of view our illustration is taken, and which runs from the depot 
to Third Avenue, transferring passengers at either point. 

At Madison Avenue and Forty-fifth Street 
stands, in solid majestj^ of form, the Temple of 
Alcides, called in the common 

The lHaiiliattaii Atliletic Club.— The 
building is of noble proportions, and adds to the 
architectural beauty of Madison Avenue. The 
facade of the building is impos- 
ing, and the general architect- 
ural design is of the Renais- 
sance period. It is absolutely 
fire-proof, six stories high, with 
a roof garden, which is covered 
by a high peaked roof of tiling. 
The frontage is 125 feet 10 
inches on Madison Avenue, 115 
feet in depth on Forty-fifth 
Street, and 125 feet in depth on 
the southerly side. 

In no part of the world is 
the culture of the body more 
gorgeously housed than in this 
grand building, and the neo- 
phytes are worthy of the shrine, 
for the " Cherry Diamond " is 
the coveted decoration of all 
who call themselves athletes. 
The Temple Emanu-el is situated on the northeast corner of Fifth 
Avenue and Forty-third Street. It is devoted to the rites of the Hebrew faith 
in its more liberal aspect, and its congregation numbers in its membership 
the wealthiest and most influential of the Jewish inhabitants of New York. 

The synagogue is built in the Saracenic mode of architecture, and cost an 
immense sum. The minarets, with their beautiful open work, are conspicuous 
objects on Fifth Avenue. The materials used in its construction are brown 
and yellow sandstone, with roof tiling of black and red alternating. As an 
instance of the liberal mindedness of this congregation and its ministers, it 
may be remarked that on the destruction by fire of a Unitarian Church some 
years ago, the synagogue hospitably opened its doors to the homeless congre- 




MANHATTAN ATHLETIC CLUB. 



68 



FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 



g-ation, and Christian and Jew met in kindly brotherhood under its arched 
roof. 

Tlie Jay Could Mansion, No. 579 Fifth Avenue, on the northeast 
corner of Forty-seventli Street, is a fine brown stone building crowned by an 
imposing" mansard roof of blue slate, which appropriately houses the most 
successful and solid " self-made man " in the United States. 

From a country 
lad and son of a farm- 
er, this remarkable 
man has evolved 
through the stages of 
bookkeeper to a black- 
smith, county surve}'^- 
or, lumber dealer, 
banker and broker, 
in which capacity he 
rules his financial 
realm despotically, 
and is, in fact, the 
Railroad King of 
America, and, more 
autocratic still, the 
Emperor of Tele- 
graphs. Mr. Gould 
is a little man, but a 
great power. 




TEMPLK EMANU-EL. 



FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. G9 

Walking up Madison Avenue, we come to 

Columbia College, which occupies the entire block bounded by 
Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Streets, Madison and Fourth Avenues, and is, prob- 
ably, the greatest educational institution in New York City. It was first 
chartered under the name of King's College, October 31, 1734, and held its 
classes in the school-house of Trinity Church, which wealthy corporation had 
liberally contributed to its founding. 

In 1755, Trinity Church granted land for a college building on Church, 
Barclay, and Murray Streets, down to the North River, for a consideration 
of twelve shillings and an annual peppercorn rent, stipulating that the presi- 
dent should be a member of the Episcopal Church, and that the Protestant 
Episcopal liturgy should be used in all collegiate services. 

The college building was situated at the foot of Park Place, and was at 
first strongly Tory and loyal to the British crown, but during the Revolution 
the building was used for military purposes, and in May, 1784, the title was 
altered to Columbia College, under which name it has promoted liberal educa- 
tion and a faculty of such varied and learned professors, a curriculum of 
such vast extent, and so discursive, including, as it does, besides the usual 
routine of a collegiate course, law, philosophy, mining, engineering, political 
science, and many more less important studies, that the institute amply 
deserves the title of a university. Returning, the twin spires of 

St. Patrick's Catliedral glitter in their white marble beauty in the light 
of day, or shed a pearly lustre in the twilight, reminding the devout of the 
buildings, "not by hands," of the New Jerusalem. 

This magnificent Basilica of the Roman Catholic faith fills the whole 
block bounded b}^ Fiftieth and Fifty-first Streets and Fifth and Madison Ave- 
nues. 

In length it extends 306 feet; the width of the nave, choir and side chapels 
is 120 feet; the length of the transept is 140 feet; the height of the side aisles 
54 feet ; and of the entire building, exclusive of the steeples and spires, 108 feet. 
The material is pure white marble. The main front on Fifth Avenue has a 
central gable 156 feet high, with a steeple and spire on each side towering to 
the majestic height of 330 feet. In the steeples, 110 feet from the ground, hangs 
the finest chime of bells in America, weighing just double those in Trinity 
steeple. 

The church is a fine example of the decorated Gothic. It was designed 
hy James Renwick, after long study of the most celebrated cathedrals in 
Europe. The corner-stone was laid b}^ Archbishop Hughes on the 15th of 
August, 1858, and dedicated by Cardinal McCloskey on May 25, 1870. 

The interior, divided into nave, two transepts, and choir, is cruciform. 
The columns that divide the center aisle from the side aisles are 35 feet in 
height, and are formed of four principal pillars with eight lesser shafts 
clustered around them. The floor of the choir is six steps above the main 
floor, and the High Altar is raised on three steps of grey marble. 

The High Altar is, of course, at the east, in the center aisle. The reredos 
was carved at St. Brienne, in Poitiers, and is the gift of the clergy of the 
diocese. The height is 50 feet, and the width 23 feet, and in the middle tower 



70 FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 

is a statue of our Saviour — while the flanking- towers on either hand bear effigies 
of St. Peter — the " rock " on which the Catholic Church is founded — and of St. 
Paul, the Apostle of the Gentiles. There are also statues of St. John, the 
Evang-elist, bass-reliefs of the Last Supper, the carrying of the cross, and 
the ag-ony in the Garden of Gethsemane, all of purest marble. 

The tabernacle is of marble, ornamented by Roman mosaic work, with 
pillars of rare marble, and the door of gilt bronze, set with emeralds and gar- 
nets. It was presented to the church by Cardinal McCloske3\ 

The great window of six bays, over the south transept, contains 18 scenes 
in the life of the Saint. In the center is the celestial Coronation of St. 
Patrick. This titular window was given by the former St. Patrick's Cathe- 
dral on Mott Street to its offspring on Fifth Avenue, and was painted in 
France. 

Over the door of the north transept is a companion picture, representing 
nineteen scenes from the life of the Blessed Virg-in, with her celestial corona- 
tion in the center tracery. 

The six side windows, three on a side, portray scenes of sacrifice, and 
the five windows in the apex relate to the life of Christ. 

In the last, the gift of John Raden, showing the '' Sacrifice on Calvary," 
Cardinal McCloskejs kneeling before the altar, offers the cathedral itself. 

In the " Lady's Chapel " the windows represent the " Presentation of the 
Blessed Virgin in the Temple," presented by John Kellj^; the " Adoration of 
the Infant Jesus," given by T. H. O'Connor ; the " Veneration of the Child," 
given by Julia Coleman. 

On the south side are "The Death of St. Joseph," "St. Alphonsus of 
Ligouri," restoring hearing to the deaf ; St. Susanna ; and in the left hand 
baj^ St. Teresa. 

The other windows are : St. Agnes, St. James the Greater, St. Thomas, 
St. Louis, the windows of the Sacred Heart, St. Paul's window, in memory of 
the Rev. John Kelly; the wmdows of St. Augustine and St. Monica, St. 
Matthias' window, St. Mark's window, St. Luke's window, the window of St. 
Charles Borromeo, representing the plague at Milan, and St. Patrick preach- 
ing to the Irish. 

At the transept angle are : 

St. Bernard preaching the Second Crusade. 

The Martyrdom of St. Lawrence. 

The Benediction of the Christian Brothers, by Pope Benedict XIII. 

The Christian Brothers. 

St. Columbanus, of lona, rebuking the King of Burgundy. 

The Three Baptisms, by water, blood and fire. 

St. Vincent de Paul. 

St. Elizabeth, St. Andrew, and St. Catherine. 

The Annunciation, St. Henrj^, in battle against the Slavonicans, The Im- 
maculate Conception. 

St. Peter and St. Paul, copies of the statues at the entrance of St. Peter's, 
Rome. 

The organ has four manuals, and two octaves and a half of pedals. The 




ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL. 



72 



FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 



choir of singers is very numerous and effective, especially on holy days. 

Between Fifty-first and Fifty-second Streets, on the west side of Fifth 
Avenue, are sumptuous residences. 

The Vanderbilt Houses were erected by William H. Vanderbilt. On 
the north side of Fifty-second Street is the residence of Mr. "William K. 




THE VANDERBII.T HOUSES. 



Vanderbilt. The twin brown stone buildings were first occupied in January, 
1882, and were built, furnished and decorated by the firm of Herts Bros. 

The houses have a connecting vestibule, and the doors of Mr. Vander- 
bilt's house are copies of the Ghiberti gates of the city of Florence, in Italy. 

The interior is of regal magnificence, one suite being Japanese, another 
earlj'^ English, and yet another Grecian. The dining-room is Italian Renais- 
sance, the ceiling carved in panel designs of green and gold, and frescoed with 
hunting scenes by Luminals. 

The main staircase is lighted by nine gorgeous windows of stained glass, 
by Lafarge. 

The picture gallery is rich in works of the modern artists. Over the 
arch of the main door is " The Entrance to a Theatre," by Alma Tadema. 
Before the hearth and mantel hangs Detaille's '^ Wounded Officers." There 
are paintings by Vibert, Villegas, Fortunj^, Millet, Van Marcke, Meissonier, 
Gerome, Zamocois, Roydet, Breton, Bouguereau, Fiere, Daubigny, Rosa Bon- 
heur, Diaz, Fromentin, Dupre, Knaus, and Delcroix, besides a quantity of 
fine water-color drawings. 



FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 



73 



The Vanderbilt family has been settled in this country since 1650, and 
may, therefore, claim genuine Knickerbocker prestige. The members of it 
were farmers and boatmen till Cornelius, the " Commodore," began the accu- 
mulation of wealth which has grown to such vast amplitude. First he started 
a ferry from Staten Island to New York City. The modest rowboat expanded 
to a steamer, the steamer increased and multiplied to a fleet, from which the 
owner derived the title " Commodore." From water carriage he advanced 
to land, railroads, and incalculable wealth, which the family compact keeps 
intact, like the Astors and Rothschilds. 

Where Seventh Avenue joins Fifty-seventh Street, stands in massive 
grandeur the finest concert room in the world, 

Tlie Carnegie ]IIus!$ic Hall; imagined by Dr. L. Damrosch, the 
musician ; nourished by Mr. Morris Reno, the amateur, and realized by Mr. 
Andrew Carnegie, the millionaire. The architecture is that of the Venetian 
Renaissance, the development of which was due to such heroes of art as 
Palladio and Sansovino, with their associates and rivals, San Michele and 
Scramozzi. 

The interior includes an auditorium, 
with two tiers of boxes, two balconies and 
a parquet, which last will seat a thousand 
people. 

There is also a banquet hall, a hall 
for the performance of chamber music, a 
smaller dining room and a number of 
ante-rooms, cloak rooms, retiring rooms 
and artists' studios, besides various chap- 
ter halls, rehearsal chambers and chorus 
rooms. 

Turning eastward and downward, 
at Fifty ninth Street, we come upon 






1 1 'f^ 



a 



SEVENTH REGIMENT ARMORY. 



74 FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 

the mag-nificent club-house of the celebrated Arion Society, which, 
under the direction of Mr. Van der Stucken, has made itself such renown as 
a singing association, and has lately returned from a triumphal tour of 
Europe, where plaudits and honors cheered its harmonious way. 

The membership, which is close upon a thousand, of which at least one- 
fourth are singers, is principally recruited from the German music lovers of 
New York. 

Further up Park Avenue, with its pretty supra-tunnel gardens, we 
come to 

Xlie Seventli Regfiment Armory, at Sixty-seventh Street, an 
imposing and beautiful building-, with a high tower and lofty side wings. 
Here is the headquarters of the crack regiment of the National Guard of the 
State of New York, which is no club of holiday soldiers, but has had its share 
of real service, both State and Federal, and has always won its laurels at the 
cannon's mouth. Another military fortress is the mediaeval 

Armory of tlie Big^litli Regfimentf on the corner of Ninety- 
fourth Street and Park Avenue, which frowns in castellated majesty from its 
corner towers and overhanging turrets, like an ancient citadel. This building- 
covers a gallant body of citizen soldiers, which has bravely won a great 
record. 

The Lrenox Lribrary is on Fifth Avenue, betwen Seventieth 
and Seventy-first Streets. It was endowed by James Lenox, a lover of books 
and paintings, incorporated in 1870, and opened to visitors in January, 1877. 

The picture gallery contains the full-length portrait of George Washing- 
ton, painted for Peter Jay Monroe, by Gilbert Stuart, in 1799. 

Specimens of the great painters of the day, English and American, are 
also to be seen. 

There are works by Sir Joshua Reynolds, Leslie, Morse, Landseer, Jimenez, 
Vernet, and conspicuous among the others, Munkaczy's great painting of 
" Milton Dictating Paradise Lost." 

On the south wall is the celebrated picture of the great English singer, 
Mrs. Billington, as "St. Cecelia Listening to the Angels." It was of this 
picture that the composer Ha^^dn remarked, " that the angels should have 
been listening to Mrs. Billmgton." 

There are also two Turners, painted in the master's best style, and David 
Wilkie's original sketch of " Blind Man's Buff." Andrea del Sarto's great 
canvas, " Tobit and the Angel," is especially noticeable. 

The collection of rare books is very rich, excelling any other in America, 
and being excelled by few in Europe. 

Some of the Bibles are specimens of the first efforts of the early printers. 
There are two copies of the first folio edition of Shakespeare, seven of the 
second folio, two of the third, and two of the fourth. 

The library is especially rich in Bibles, from the Nuremburg Bible, with 
annotations in the handwriting of Melancthon, the Coverdale Bible, the first 
printed complete in England and the only perfect copy extant of the sixth and 
rarest edition of the Apocalypse. A copy of the first edition of the " Psalms 
in Meeter," by Rous, of London, which was supposed to be non-existant, is 



FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 



75 




ini! 'hi ' 






EIGHTH KEGIMENT ARMOEY. 




here, together with very many rare old curious specimens of Mexican and 
Colonial printing, and MSS. of the Cortez letters and of Diego Columbus, son 
of the discoverer. 

The library has about 50,000 volumes, together with the great musical 
collection of Joseph Drexeh 

Temple Beth-el, on the southeast corner of Fifth Avenue and 
Seventy-sixth Street, faces towards Central Park at a most picturesque point. 
The building measures 100 feet on Fifth Avenue and 130 on Seventy-sixth 
Street, is in the Romanesque style, and is crowned by a glittering globe at the 
height of 140 feet. 

The front vestibule, 1 4 feet deep and 4G feet wide, is of stone and paved 

with mosaic. 

The main auditorium, 70 feet high, has an arched ceiling, and at the east- 
erly end are the platform, pulpit and shrine, of Mexican onyx columns, with 
gold capitals and bases, supporting an onyx arch, on which are the Tables of 
the Law, framed in gold. 



IfJ^l^ 






_^ ^_ BOAT HOUSE ON THE LAKE 

-r— ^^^ =^^ ,-, ^ . i-^ 'HERE are very few instances of 

money well laid out and public 
spirit well sustained than are 
shown in the rise and progress of that 
most beautiful of pleasure grounds, Central Park. Forty- five years ago, the 
ground, now a delightful landscape garden, was wild, rough country, given 
over to tumble-bugs and harmless grass snakes. The outlines, indeed, were 
romantic, by reason of the huge boulders and plots of grass that alternated on 
its surface, and the scattered trees that ornamented it, but useless for farming 
purposes, and not yet in the path of builders. The boulders were covered with 
vines and creepers of various kinds, and the trees were gnarled enough for 
picturesqueness. 

The park is a little more than two miles and a half in length, by a half 
mile in width; it has nine miles of beautiful drives, some 60 feet in breadth, 
and none less than 54; besides these main avenues, there are a little over five 
miles of charmingly rural bridle paths and more than twenty-nine miles of 
walks suitable for lovers who tell the old tale ''under the greenwood tree." 

Four hundred acres of woodland lend beauty to the place, and numberless 
rustic seats offer their welcoming arms to the wearied wanderer. 

At most seasons of the year the drives are brightened by the glittering 
equipages of fashion, and the cavalcades of horsemen and women, which 
course along the well-kept roads, and by the gay dresses of happy-looking 
promenaders who gaze with interest and delight at the passing show, which 
lacks nothing of the brilliancy of the London Rotten Row, the " Bois " of Paris, 
or the " Unter den Linden" of Berlin, save the crowned and coronetted heads 
of the ''Personages" to be seen in these celebrated resorts of the "Haute 
Monde." 

But it is as a refuge for the weary and heavy-laden that the Central Park 
puts forth its greatest claims to admiration. It is the paradise of the poor, 
the refuge for the destitute, the great breathing place for the hosts of toilers, 



78 CENTRAL PARK. 

who, in their scant moments of relaxation from labor, find here grounds 
equal, if not superior, to the most exquisite private gardens of aristocracy. 

There are nineteen entrances to the park, which, in the fullness of time, will 
be fitted with appropriate gates, but at present are wide open to the public. 
Indeed it were almost a pity to erect bars and obstacles, which savor too much 
of class distinctions for our land of liberty, and, should the gates be estab- 
lished, they will be more for ornament than utility, for they must of necessity 
stand open, or be ready to open to all comers. 

Tlie Menagerie, at Sixty-fourth Street and Fifth Avenue, occupies ten 
acres of land, but the site is merely temporary, as the true Zoo of New York 
will be situated on some one of the new parks north of the Harlem Kiver, a 
proceeding which, however convenient for our posterity, is by no means so for 
us. Let us hope that the enforced emigration of the feras nature may be 
long delaj^ed. 

The first paddock, as one comes from Fifty-ninth Street, is the deer park. 
Next is the monkey house, in which our distant relations are fed at 9 a. m. 
and 3 p. m. 

No. 3 contains birds of various kinds. No. 4 houses some fine specimens 
of " Home Sapiens," who are engaged at present in the administration of the 
park police, vulgarly called " sparrows." This building was originally a 
State arsenal, and contains a colossal statue of Christopher Columbus, by 
Miss Emma Stebbins, the celebrated sculptor. In No. 5 reside the larger car- 
nivora, such as lions, tigers, hyenas, and the like, as also the two-horned 
rhinoceros, the only one of his kind in the country. These interesting but 
voracious animals are fed at 2:30 P. m., and their table manners are far from 
polite. No. 6 is the tank in which live, move and have their being, the 
hippopotami, or river horses, of which one was born in captivity here, on 
October 4, 1890, being the only native American hippopotamus ever known. 
These amphibious brutes afford an interesting study in absolute sloth, as they 
wallow in the water, displaying massive snouts that irresistibly remind one of 
Gladstone dressing bags, the bottles of the one representing the teeth of 
the other. 

No. 7 is the home of several small black bears, and contains a bath room 
or tank, in which some sea lions, from San Francisco, disport themselves, 
grunting to each other with almost articulate distinctness, and looking very 
disconsolate, probably regretting ''the glorious climate of California." A 
number of water fowl also dwell here and hereabouts. No. 8 contains 
antelopes. 

No. 9 is the elephant castle, in which " Tip," a murderer of the deepest 
dye, lords it over his fellows by reason of his size and strength. He is 8 feet 
9 inches in height, 33 years of age, weighs 9,000 pounds, and has killed six 
men already. There are more of his kin here, but not of his kind. A farm 
of ''prairie dogs" have a town in the rear of the paddock attached to 
the elephant castle, thus bringing into conjunction the sublime and the 
ridiculous. 

No. 11 contains cages of foxes, raccoons, oppossums, and the bear pit, in 
which the gruesome grizzly, the pale Polar, and the big black bears of nursery 



CENTRAL PARK. 



79 



leg-end live in ursine harmony, employing their time chiefly in begging- from 
the visitors. There is a walk here leading to the top of the pit, from whence 
the public can look down, in body, as it already does in mind, on these brag- 
gart bullies begging biscuits. (The reader is respectfully requested to observe 
the graceful alliteration of this paragraph, and if he cannot admire, at least 
to bear, with it). 

As the visitor comes down the steps, No. 12 is on each side — paddocks in 
which pasture the American bison, erroneously called buffalo, now almost 
extinct on his native prairies. 

The African true buffalo, with his hump, a dainty dish ; the Indian 
zebra, who looks like a convict donkey in his stripes ; llamas and vicunas, 
from South America, which are a zoological compromise between goat and 
camel, wild sheep or avadade, from Barbary, and real camels, who, though 
born and bred in Central Park, are true Orientals yet ; and while dwelling in 
peace and amity with the others, do not amalgamate. 

A wire fence restrains the emu of Australia, who is an Antipodean 
ostrich, and various cranes and storks. 

No. 13 holds the house of the smaller mammals, a host of little carniv- 
orous and graminivorous animals too numerous to particularize, the 
royal eagle, who, like other regal personages, shows but meanly in captivitj% 
is of a dejected demeanor, and prone to shed his plumes, and a variety of 
water birds. 




THE MENAGERIE. 



80 



CENTRAL PARK. 



The cheapest and best way to g-ain a superficial knowledge of Central 
Park is to pay 25 cents for a course in one of the conveyances that start from 
the Fifth Avenue and Fifty-ninth Street entrance. These carriages will take 
the visitor to all the principal points, and return and stop-over tickets are 
g-iven, enabling the passenger to linger on the road. But this is but an introduc- 
tion to the beauties of this glorious pleasure-ground; to know and to enjoy it 
one must walk. The paths, arbors and retired nooks will not yield their hid- 
den charms to the hurried glance of the mere passer-by; like other coquettes 
they must be wooed, and the course of wooing should run thus : 




SEA LIONS. 



Starting from the Sixth Avenue and Fifty-ninth Street entrance, the first 
path on the right leads by a gentle descent to the pretty little " pond," with its 
Lohengrin Boats, holding twelve passengers and double hulled; like a cata- 
maran, these are propelled by a man treading the wheel of a velocipede which 
is concealed in the body of a sculptured swan. Fares : Adults, 10 cents; 
children, 5 cents; 12 tickets, $1.00; children, 25 cents. ThiS pond is 
some five acres in extent. Further on is the summer house on Copcot 
Rock, from whence a view may be had. Then comes the pine-crowned 
*'promontor3^," and behind this a tiny bridge crosses a narrow strait, 
where the path diverges, north and south — north to the main driving 



CENTRAL PARK. 



81 



road, south to the menag-erie. Choosing- the northern path, along- the drive, 
across the bridge is a romantic dell which leads to The Kinderberg (children's 
hill) called by its Teutonic name in deference to the German population, which 
is noteworthy for large families and out-door domesticity. 

Here is a rustic arbor which can shelter hundreds of people; near at hand 
are the swings and the dairy, for the delectation and the lactation of the little 
ones. To the west the path descends to the " Carousel," where are more 
swings, and ball grounds also. At the southwestern end Umpire Rock lifts 
its imposing crest, crowned with greenery; still wending- your westward way, 
northwest b}' west, a lane leads to the Mall through the Marble Arch. This path 
rises by steps to the Mall, from which one of the most effective vistas in the 
range of landscape g-ardening may be obtained. 

Xlie Mall begins at the Marble Arch, and extends to the Terrace, from 
which a view of the Lake and the Esplanade can be had. 

The roadway is shadowed by double rows of magnificent elm trees and 
ornamented by statues, some 
of which are g-ood works of art, 
while others can lay no just 
claims to such honor. Never- 
theless, even the inferior figures 
are imposing- amid their sur- 
roundings of greenery and 
arching branches, and the Mall ^:: 
resembles those promenades, 
"under the shade of melan- 
choly boughs," that are the 
pride of the ancient palaces of 
Europe. 

The best pieces of sculpture 
on the Mall are those of 
"Shakespeare" and "The 
Indian Hunter," both of which 
are placed on the lawn at the 
southern approach, and are the 
work of J. Q. A. Ward. A little 
eastward is a bronze cast of 
Fratin's " Eagles and Goat." 

On either side are ranged 
at decent distances a copy of 
the statue of Sir Walter Scott, 
the orig-inal of which is in Edin- 
burgh, sculptured by John 
Steele, who is also the author of the statue of Robert Burns. Filz-Greene 
Halleck also graces the place, carved by William McDonald, and a bust of 
Beethoven presides, very appropriately, over the music stand, from which 
coign of vantage sweet music is discoursed by admirable military bands every 
Saturday and Sunday afternoon during the summer, to the infinite delecta- 





STATUE OF SHAKESPEARE. 



CENTRAL PARK. H3 

tion and mental improvement of crowds of people, old and young. At the 
north end of the Mall are 

The Esplanade and Terrace. — The Terrace is built of yellow- 
colored stone, with three flights of steps leading down to the Esplanade, the 
middle one of which is subterranean, and passes through a hall lined with 
glazed tiles and having niches on each side. 

The other steps are open to the sky, and on each are panels carved with 
designs of fruit, birds and beasts. Few ornamental scenes of architectural 
gardening can equal the fine view from the Terrace over the Esplanade, and 
to the bold northern shore of the lake, the rude grandeur of which is turned 
to beauty by the wealth of deep-hued foliage that, during a great part of the 
3'^ear, covers the rugged rocks as with a mantle, for be it known that in the 
tender shelter of Central Park winter loses its terrors and apes the gentle- 
ness of spring. 

The Bethesda Pountain, which occupies the center of the Esplanade, 
is a manifestation of the parable, told by St. John, of the pool whose water, 
when disturbed b^' the angel " with healing on his wings," brought health to 
the sufferer, whose "faith made him whole," as it does even at the present day. 

The angel seems to have alighted on a rock, and extends his hands over 
the waters, as calling them up from their rest to exert this wondrous power. 

Emblematic figures of Purity, Temperance, Health and Peace, expressive 
of the esoteric significance of the Legend of the Pool, hold the upper basin, 
veiled by the falling water. 

All the sj'^mbolical work was designed by Miss Emma Stebbins. 

The most important water in Central Park is undoubtedly 

The I^ake, which is twenty acres in extent, and divides in,, the middle 
with a strait connecting the parts. There are regular rowboats on this inland 
sea, for the use of which the following fares are charged : Circuit of lake (two 
miles), 10 cents, children half price ; a party of six, 50 cents, children half 
price ; party boats, one person 30 cents for half an hour, 10 cents for each addi- 
tional person, children half price. For boats without boatman a deposit of $2 
is required. Boats can be hired from morning till 11 P. M. 

From hence a path to the right leads under a bridge to what we will make 
bold to christen " Lilliput Lake," which covers about two and a half acres, 
and is situated near Seventy-fourth Street and Fifth Avenue. It is a pretty 
piece of ornamental water, admirably adapted to the uses it is put to, of a 
regatta ground for miniature yachts in summer, and a curling ground in 
winter. The toy 3'achts give excellent sport, and are, many of them, perfect 
models and thoroughly seaworthy, and the curlmg, with its glassy ice and its 
excitmg exercise, draws crowds on the frosty days of winter. One of the 
most interesting objects in the Park is the 

Obelisk, a monolith 60 feet long, and, with its base, 90 feet high. It 
weighs 448,000 pounds, and at the broadest part is 8x8 feet. The inscriptions 
show that it dates from time of Tbothmes III., Pharoah of Egypt, who 
reigned from 1545 till 1591 B. C. The column was erected at the Temple of 
the Sun, at Heliopolis. It was overthrown by Cambyses (Chaucer's " Cam- 
buscan Bold ") between 521 and 525 B. C, and lay prostrate till the Roman 



CENTEAL PARK. 



85 



conquest of Eg-ypt. It was then removed to Alexandria by Cleopatra, and 
erected in front of the Temple of the Caesars, from which it has been called 
" Cleopatra's Needle." 

This connection with Egypt's fair, frail queen is, however, merely legend- 
ary ', nevertheless, the fact remains that the monolith was set up by Thothmes, 
the Pharoah of Egypt, nearly 3,500 years ago, and presented to the City of 
New York by the Khedive of Egypt, Ismail Pacha, in A. D. 1877. In the days 
of its prosperity this Obelisk was crowned by a casing of brilliant brass, which 
glistened in the unclouded atmosphere of Egypt as a shining lig-ht typifying 
the undying- glory of the Pharoahs or Phras. 

The monarchs and their glory have 
departed, and the monument which they 
erected in their pride of place and eminence 
of sovereignty, now serves to adorn the 
pleasure ground of a republic. 

" Great Ctesar's ashes, dead and 

turned to clay. 
May stop a hole to keep the wind 

away.'' 

The brass was stripped oflf during" the 
middle ages, probably by the Crusaders, 
for whose g-reed nothing was too hot or too 
heavy. 

The biog-raphical inscriptions, which 
prove the antiquity and pur- 
pose of the monolith, are fast 
being- obliterated by the 
harshness of our winters and 
the storms of our summers. 
The sandstone that could 
defy the ages under the 




•■»«%, 



THE OBELISK, OR CLEOPATRA'S NEEDLE. 



86 CENTRAL PARK. 

constant climate of Egypt, crumbles in the rains, winds and frosts of 
North America, and the melancholy foreigner of past ages stands alone, 
fading gradually before the rigor of the climate, as the race that hewed it 
out from the Egyptian rock fades before the vigor of the modern Aryan. 

When Captain Gorringe, U. S. N. , was busied in removing the Obelisk 
from its stand of ages, he came upon what he fancied were Masonic symbols 
in the base, and determined to bring the foundation to the New World, as well 
as the shaft, so that now we have the whole as it originally stood. 

The transportation, on board the steamer Dessong, of 1,475 tons of solid 
stone, was safely effected, and, after a short stay at Staten Island, it was, on 
September 10, 1880, dragged on rollers from the foot of Ninety-sixth Street 
and East River to Grey wacke Knoll in the Central Park, on which gentle em- 
inence it now crumbles gradually away, as if pining for its native land, like 
many another enforced exile. 

The Free and Accepted Masons welcomed the stranger as an evidence of 
the antiquity of their craft, and, on October 9, 1879, their Grand Master, at- 
tended by upwards of 9,000 brethren, laid the foundation stone with mystic 
rites, and, on January 23, the Obelisk was unveiled to the admiring gaze of 
20,000 spectators. 

The Dessong, on board which the stony stranger made its trans- Atlantic 
voyage, was given American registry by special act of Congress, and the total 
expense of the transaction, amounting to $102,576, was defrayed by the liber- 
ality of Mr. William H. Vanderbilt. 

Near Fifth Avenue, and opposite to Eighty-third Street, is 

Xlie Metropolitan Museum of Art, established in April, 1869, by 
Legislative charter, " for the purpose of establishing a museum and library 
of art; of encouraging and developing the study of the fine arts; of the appli- 
cation of art to manufactures and to practical life; of advancing the general 
knowledge of kindred subjects ; and, to that end, of furnishing popular instruc- 
tion and recreation." 

From this little acorn of purpose has bourgeoned a lasting oak of per- 
formance, which, though as yet but a sapling, bids fair to spread its kindly 
shelter over a collection second to none. 

At first the Museum had its modest home in a house on Fifth Avenue 
between Fifty-third and Fifty-fourth Streets, where the acquisition of the 
Blodgett collection of Flemish, Dutch, French, Spanish and English pictures, 
made a beginning full of promise for the future. 

On the addition, some years after, of the great archaeological collection 
of more than 10,000 objects, gathered by General Count di Cesnola dur- 
ing his consulate in Italy, among the ruins with which' the Island of Cyprus 
abounds, the Museum was removed to more commodious quarters in the 
Douglass mansion, on the south side of Fourteenth Street between Sixth and 
Seventh Avenues. 

But this location not offering sufficient accommodation, combined with 
publicity and dignity of position, the Legislature authorized the construction 
of a fire-proof building suited to the objects proposed by the Museum in 
Central Park — surely the most fitting place for such a public treasure. The 



88 'CENTRAL PARK. 

structure was finished, the various objects of art and interest stored and 
arranged in it, and formally opened to the public by Rutherford B. Hayes, 
then President of the United States, on March 30, 1880. 

The great entrance leads to the " Hall of Casts of Ancient Sculptures," in 
which are reproductions in plaster of the most noted works of antiquity. 

On the floor east and west are ancient statues; on the top of the wall are 
reproductions of antique friezes. 

From this a passage leads to the " Hall of Architeetural Casts," in which 
is a collection of wrought-iron of the " Renaissance " period. The "Assump- 
tion of the B. v.," by Luca della Robbia, hangs at the north end, together 
with photographs of the works of the della Robbias. This great picture, for- 
merly in the mortuary chapel of the Princess of Piombino, was presented to 
the Museum by Henry G. Marquand. 

In the middle of the hall stands a pulpit from the Cathedral of Vienna, 
fashioned by Nicolo Pisano, A. D. 1268. Opposite is the fagade of the House of 
the Guild of Butchers at Hildersheim, date 1529, together with many other 
interesting objects of the sixteenth century. All these casts were bought by 
a fund bequeathed by Leon L. Willard in 1884. 

The painting of "Diana's Hunting Party," by Hans Makart, and tapes- 
tries by Fuaguad de Lavergne, with Constant's "Justinian," Kraus' " Peace," 
and Gustav Richter's "Victory," are the most worthy of notice in this hall. 

The " Hall of Ancient Sculpture and Egyptian Antiquities," is by far the 
most impressive in the Museum. Mummies, mummy cases, sarcophagi, bronzes 
and linen swathings of the dead, give a forcible idea of the gruesomeness 
of Egyptian burial, and almost reconcile us to our own barbarisms of sepulture. 

The Di Cesnola collection is the most prefect exposition of Cyprian, Phen- 
ician and ancient Greek objects of art and antiques, to be met with in the 
world, and proves conclusively that art in its highest development flourished 
before the Greek and Roman periods, and that they were followers, not leaders. 

There are a great many magnificent pictures and statues in the Museum, 
but the fact that many of them are lent, and also that changes are, as yet, 
taking place in the arrangements, and even in the spacing of the Museum, pre- 
vents any accurate description not in direct touch with the authorities, to 
whose admirably devised and scrupulously correct catalogue our readers are 
referred. We must, however, mention the collection of American antiquities 
in Gallery S, which are of intense and pregnant interest to all students of our 
country's history. 

The next object of interest, after the Croton Reservoir, is the 

Observatory or Belvidere, which, situated on a rising ground 
and approached by flights of steps, is a building in the style of an ancient 
castle with its watch-tower or beacon, from which a fine view of the whole 
park, in all its flush of greenery in summer and its snow-mantled beauty in 
winter, may be had. The rock on which it stands bears the name of " Vista 
Rock," and the tower is 50 feet in height. Pursuing the path towards the 
west, the 

Museum of :Natural History offers itself to view, situated in an 
annex to Central Park called Manhattan Park, which stretches from Seventy- 



CENTRAL PARK. 89 

seventh Street to Eig-hty-flrst Street, between Central Park west and Colum- 
bus Avenue. Althoug-h only in an early stage of development, this museum 
offers great faciUties for the study of Natural History and its kindred sciences. 

Its nucleus was formed by the Elliott collection of North American birds, 
and the birds and mammals assembled by the late Prince Maximilian, of 
Neuwied, and the directors have been steadily and hberally adding valuable 
specimens and cabinets of fossils ever since its charter was granted in 1869. 

The pre-historic Indian relics and the various skeletons of extinct animals 
are among the most remarkable objects in the museum. And now proceeding 
towards town, the beautiful 

Ramble offers its shady paths, rippling streams and romantic woods, to 
the wayfarer who can wander at will through a fairy-land of sylvan delights 
from which " the hum of men " and the noise of the neighboring city is quite 
shut out. 

Not even the legendary Forest of Arden was more sweetly solitary to 
Rosalind than is the Ramble to the weary wanderer, who seeks its grateful 
peace after the crowd of interesting objects that has occupied his time dur- 
ing his tour of Central Park. 

Here truly he can ramble indeed, careless, happj'^ and thoughtless ; all is 
beauty and the ''leafy boscage of the woods" surrounds him. Nature is his 
guide-book and fancy his map; lawns of emerald turf meet him at every turn, 
trees of all kinds overshadow him, and flowers in their season bloom for his 
pleasure, not to be culled, however, "under penalty of the law." Towards 
the north again, are the 

Block-House, a relic of Colonial and Revolutionary times, and 

Xlie Old Redoubt, from which a fine view of Harlem River can be 
had; and by taking a southerly course from the Redoubt he can reach Mount 
St. Vincent, cross the head of the Loch, and, descending by the Block-House, 
quit the park, with regret, at One Hundred and Tenth Street. 




JWorningslde and Hiverside Parks. 



GEJSTERAL GRANT'S TOMB. A^VASHINGTON AND HIGH BRIDGES. 

HARLEM RIVER. 

Quitting- Central Park at One Hundred and Tenth Street, and turning- to 
the left, the great curve of the Elevated Railroad towers above the heads of 
pedestrians and drivers in carriages, like the Mohammedan's bridge of "Al 
Sirat," which is " of the breath of a single hair," and, indeed, this earthly 
structure seems just as aerial and fragile. The flight of the fabled " Roc " is 
not more astounding than is the rush and rumble of the cars through mid- air 
as they sweep round the dizzy curve with, apparently, nothing to support them 
save the slender pillars and the wire-drawn line that seem quite unequal to 
the load. To the west is Morning-Side Park, rising gradually towards Bloom- 
ingdale Heights, upon which commanding site the splendid Episcopal Cathe- 
dral, dedicated to St. John the Divine, will, at no distant day, be erected, and 
which will be succeeded by streets and palaces, manj^ already in existence, the 
magnificence of which will cause our beautiful metropolis to rank with the 
most picturesque and gorgeous cities of the world. 

A spacious terrace and a terraced promenade will also enhance the beauty 
of this park, which, as yet, is but in its beginning. 

Still trending westward, Riverside Park is reached, which for nearly three 
miles runs along a grand bluff of the Hudson River bank, from Seventy-second 
Street to One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Street, with an average width of 
500 feet. Down to the river fall rocky paths, shaded by ancient trees, diver- 
sified by great boulders, and relieved by spots of exquisite verdure that would 
do honor to an earthly paradise. 

Along the top runs a broad macadamized road, ascending and descending 
in gentle slopes, and bordered by splendid mansions and groves of leafy 
beauty. On the inner side vistas of wondrous charm meet the eye at every 
gap in the thick foliage that extends upwards from the river's brink, in many 
cases the tops of the trees being below the gaze of the promenaders on the 
road above. The magnificent Hudson spreads his silvery plain of waters, 
glancing in the sun of morning, glistening in the heat of noon, gilded by the 
setting orb of day in the evening, and scintillating with a million stars at 
night. To our thinking, this Riverside Park is the most beautiful of all 
the greenwood fringes of beautiful Manna-ha-ta. 

The future destiny of this lovely quarter is that of fashion, and when 
Fifth Avenue shall be a busj^ street of shops. Riverside Avenue will be the 
home of aristocracy. At the upper end of the park, to the right, is the monu- 



I 




RIVERSIDE PARK SKETCHES. 



92 



RIVERSIDE PARK. 



ment in process of erection to the memory of General U. S. Grant, whose 
honored remains will lie here in perpetual state for the reverence of genera- 
tions 3^et unborn. 

The mausoleum, when completed, will be a grand memorial of a g-rateful 
people's love. 

The base is a square of 100 feet at the ground and 160 feet at the base 
line. The lower part of the monument is Doric, the upper Ionic, and the 
apex is a pyramidal dome on four arches, with groups of statues. In front of 
the main entrance is an equestrian statue of the great commander, " In his 
habit as he lived," and in the crypt will be stored the personal relics, banners, 




WASHINGTON BRIDGE, HARLEM RIVER. 



and other remembrances of the greatest soldier of modern days. The 
designer of this grand national work is John H. Duncan, and the cost will 
exceed $500,000. 

In strong contrast to this massive and imposing shrine of a hero is the 
pathetic little white marble tomb of a little child. Between the warrior's 
monument and Claremont Hill is a modest grave with a stone inscribed : 
'* Erected to the memory of an amiable child, 
" St. Clair Pollock. 
" Died July 15, 179T, in the 5th year of his age." 
Here, the saviour of the Union, full of years and honors, 



WASHINGTON BRIDGE. 93 

There the babe, whose bud of youth was never to expand into the bloom of 
manhood. 

" Requiescat in pace." 

It was a graceful act of the City Fathers to leave the child's last bed un- 
disturbed while making- room for the hero. 

Taking the cable road at the curve at the corner of One Hundred and 
Twenty-fifth Street and Amsterdam Avenue, and passing through Car- 
mansville, the magnificent new 

l^asliiiig^ton Rridg^e is reached, a structure of two immense arches 
spanning the Harlem River at One Hundred and Eighty-first Street, from Am- 
sterdam Avenue on the west side to Boscobel Avenue on the east. From the 
vantage ground of its splendid level roadway and spacious sidewalks, a magnifi- 
cent view of the river winding along between its high banks of living green, 
brightened by the gabled roofs of many fine houses, and enlivened by beauti- 
full}^ laid out and carefully kept grounds and garden, may be enjoyed. 

It has been said by captious critics that the building of Washington 
Bridge was a political " job." It may be so — for, alas, politics dip deep into 
the core of our greatest institutions, but if it were a job it was a very good 
one, for it has secured to this telescopic city, which extends its narrow length 
like a lazy tongs between its cramped sides, a fitting passage to the town of 
the future that will spread broadly over the mainland, when Manhattan Island 
is given over to business, and is truly a " city " in the full sense of the 
term, while the wide district beyond the Harlem will be the fashionable 
"Faubourg "or residential suburb. The bridge itself is a thing of beauty 
and symmetry, and a credit to New York. 

Crossing Washington Bridge, and turning down a romantic country road 
to the right, the inquiring traveler will descend by a rocky road on 

Hig^Ii Bridg:e, an aqueduct built to lead the waters of the Croton 
River across the Harlem in the days when the great modern conduit that 
now supplies the arterial circulation for New York was undreamt of. With 
its thirteen fairy like arches, and the narrow, serial footpath, this connecting 
link makes a picturesque feature of the landscape, but, like Othello, " its oc- 
cupation is gone," and it is now more ornamental than useful. It leads, how- 
ever, to a pretty little park and a water tower embedded in greenery on the 
opposite side, from which the wanderer, having completed his survey of the 
great city, from Dan to Beersheba, may either clamber back to the cable road 
and so retrace his steps, or he may stroll down *' Lover's Lane," an exquisite 
rural path formed over the old aqueduct, till he reaches the Elevated Road, and 
is swept back to the heart of the metropolis, " a wiser," but, we trust, not 
" sadder man." 






.VS..?-;/ fll^^ 























Drcbwrt hy J.Rcvrb 



THE PRINCIPAL PART OF BROOKLYN 



BROOKLYN. 




VIEW IN PROSPECT PARK. 

In looking- over the various attractions of this city, one must say with 
Brooklyn folk, how much is owing to James S. T. Stranahan. To his efforts 
the beauty of Prospect Park is due and also the Eastern and Ocean Park- 
ways and the Concourse at Coney Island. His determination and great in- 
fluence helped him to overcome the monetary objections to putting through 
his ideas of opening* these pleasure g-rounds. 

Probably Mr. Stranahan is the only private citizen who ever saw a statue 
of himself erected by the city in reward for his progressive spirit, brave heart 
and charities. 

This is one instance where a man has had a living' joy in the appreciation 
of his good works by his townsfolk. The sculptor, Frederick MacMonnies, 
selected to execute the statue of Mr. Stranahan was also a citizen of Brooklyn, 
though educated in Paris, and makes his home in this city. 

Mr. Augustus St. Gaudens has spoken in highest praise of the statue 
which was unveiled in Prospect Park. It is fitting that the likeness of 
Brooklyn's progressive citizen, who has made its interests his life work, should 
stand in the park he himself was the chief mover in planning. And not alone 
in beautiful inland scenes does Brooklyn excel. The view of New York Har- 
bor, as seen from any high elevation, is one never to be forg"otten. With the 
ocean, river and bay surrounding- it, this city cannot fail to be a healthful 
one. 



96 BROOKLYN. 

Many of its citizens have their business in New York, and make their 
homes in quiet Brooklyn. It is called a city of homes. And indeed its excel- 
lent facilities for rapid transit make it easily reached by business men, who, 
although having- their offices elsewhere, still cling to Brooklyn as their home. 
One of the most famous, sacred dwellings in America, is the church formerly 
under the charge of Henry Ward Beecher. 

Plymoutli Cliurcli has almost lost its own name in the more famous one 
of its late preacher, and " Beecher's Church" is oftener asked for by the traveler 
than " Plymouth." This edifice is in Orange Street, between Hicks and Henry 
Streets. It is easily reached from Fulton Ferry, in fact it lies within five or 
six minutes' walk. Like its one-time master, the church is made on the order 
of extreme simplicit3\ No superfluous architectural ornamentation is notice- 
able. It is a plain, old-fashioned brick building. It seats about 2,800 people. 
A smaller building, in the rear of Plymouth Church, is given over to the Sun- 
day-school class, lecture platform, and church parlors. Who can forget, 
having once been present at those delightfully informal meetings held by Mr. 
Beecher in the lecture room; it was as though the celebrated speaker was 
talking to his own household, he appeared so absolutely free from all 
restraint. 

During its famous minister's life, Plymouth Church derived an income of 
$70,000 a year from the sale of pews alone. Passers-by often enter and remain 
for the service, not so much to hear the sermon as to be reminded of and to 
see the surroundings of the great man who is gone. Many of the notes set 
down by Mr. Beecher for his discourses in this pulpit are now carefully pre- 
served by his wife. From time to time she sends to various magazines anec- 
dotes of his experiences while director of " Plymouth." 

The Bast River Bridge Terminus. — On the Brooklyn side the 
terminus is in the square bounded by Fulton, Prospect, Sands and Washington 
Streets. The Brooklyn supporting tower is just north of the Fulton Ferry- 
house; it contains 38,214 cubic yards of masonry. This tower rests upon a cais- 
son, sunk in the river, a distance of 45 feet below the surface. The cais- 
son is 168 feet long by 10 feet wide. The total height above water of the tower 
is 278 feet. The construction of the East River Bridge began January 2, 1870. 
The first wire was sent out May 28, 1877. The cable- making commenced in 
earnest on the 11th of June, 1877. The approach from the terminus to the 
anchorage of the East River Bridge on the Brooklyn side measures 971 feet. 
This approach is supported by iron girders and trusses, which rest at inter- 
vals on piers made up of masonry or short iron columns built within the 
blocks. This Brooklyn terminus is 68 feet above high tide. 

The first travel on the Bridge began May 24, 1883. 

Passing on, one comes to the junction of Fulton, Court and Joralemon 
Streets, and here stands the handsome 

City Hall. — Brooklyn may well be proud of this building. It is built 
of white marble. The roof of the portico is supported by six columns in 
the Ionic style of architecture. It is 75 feet high, and is divided into a 
basement and three stories. On the top a tower is erected, and here the 
town clock can be plainly seen both day and night. This clock points 



BROOKLYN 




HEROIC STATUE OF HENRY WARD BEECHER IN CITY HALL PARK. 

its huge hands at a distance of 153 feet from the pavement below The 
tourist cannot go far astray in looking for the building or its stately 
appearance and important situation mark it as a noble city Duiia- 



98 BROOKLYN. 

ing-. Not far from the City Hall, on Fulton Street, is the Kings County 

Court House. — The main structure is of Westchester marble, and the 
style of the architecture is Corinthian. It was built in 1862, and cost $550,000. 
It is heavily trimmed with iron. The entire cupola is composed of iron ribs 
and panels. The Court House extends back into Livingston Street, on which 
thoroughfare, and in the rear of City Hall, stands the 

Municipal Building^. — It will be seen that all these buildings of public 
justice are close together, forming a very important part of Brooklyn within a 
small area. The Municipal Building is of marble, and is occupied by the Chief 
of Police and other officers, to whom one has only to apply to be shown imme- 
diately over the entire large structure. Near the Municipal Building, and 
directly in front of the City Hall, is the celebrated bronze figure of 

Henry "Ward Beeclier. — It is fit that so public spirited a citizen's 
statue should be put in the very heart of the city. As will be seen by the on- 
looker, Mr. Beecher's clerical coat, rough-caped overcoat, and broad-brimmed 
hat, are represented by J. Q. Ward, the sculptor, exactly as he wore 
them during life. He is represented as standing- on a pedestal of 
Quincy granite, and to the desig-n of this pedestal, R, M. Hunt, the 
artistic architect, lent his master hand. The statue itself is 9 feet 
in height, the pedestal 10, and the figure of the slave kneeling on 
one side measures 6 feet and 2 inches. The very keynote of Mr. 
Beecher's character seems to be caug-ht and expressed by the sculptor, in the 
firm mouth, the defiant head, the kingly attitude of Brookl3ni's most prom- 
inent citizen. In life Henry Ward Beecher drew thousands of visitors across 
the river to listen to his resonant voice and fearless tong-ue, to hearken to his 
plain spoken counsel and fine reading' of the marvelous gospels. Those who 
saw him open his Bible and heard him read: 

" There ivas ei man sent from God, whose name was John.'' 

How can they ever forget ? 

Fulton Street. — The busy rushing throng, that surge through this 
thoroughfare make one think one has stumbled into a bit of New York. 
Nor is the New York bargain-hunter missing. Many a woman gets up early 
in the morning to take a journey over the river and see if Brooklyn's bar- 
gains are really as fine as advertised. 

Fulton Street is about five miles long, running from Fulton Ferrj^ to 
East New York. It is on Fulton Street that we find ^the enormous store of 
Wechsler & Abraham. 

With a frontage of 125 feet on Fulton Street, what wonder that a colony 
of women keep watch in front of these celebrated show windows ? Never 
decreasing, the crowd can be found at any hour of the day. 

But inside there is plenty of room, the store is built on such an enor- 
mous scale. Let us step in a moment. What can we say m sufficient praise 
of a building containing four miles and a quarter of shopping fioor, nine miles 
of steam piping, and the largest private electric plant in the world. Adjoin- 
ing the dressmaking parlors, we find the Louis XVI. white and gold room. 
The firm calls this beautiful salon an effect room, and here evening costumes 
are fitted and tried on the customers. It is said that over forty thousand 



100 



BROOKLYN. 



shoppers are in the store daily, and yet there never seems a crowd once one 
gets in. In the street outside, it is, of course, another matter. The main 
floor can be seen from the mezzanine elevation above, and it is a most interest- 
ing sight to the shopper to pause here a moment and look at the hundreds of 
men, women and children below. The millinery department is on the mezza- 
nine floor, and here a little section of Paris seems to be transported. An odd 
feature of Wechsler & Abraham's enormous building is that it contains 
within its walls a little cobbler's shop, so any alterations desired by customers 
in their shoe department are made on the premises. The firm has a private 
stable for its horses, and this is a novel sight if the shopper is fortunate 
enough to gain admittance. Stall after stall of finely groomed and well fed 
horses testify to the generous treatment these animals receive at the hands 
of the firm. 

To return to the store : a Uttle visit to the upholstery work room would 
not prove wasted time. Here theatre curtains are made ; also draperies for 
private houses, hangings, and the like. On the second story the furniture 
floor is located. Here one of the most extensive stocks of furniture ever 
shown is constantly being added to. Many New York houses are furnished 
with this firm's luxurious fittings. The art embroideries are made on the 
fifth floor ; here hundreds of women are employed. 

In fact, there are so many attractive and varying features of this mam- 
moth store, that the traveler passing through Brooklyn has missed one of its 
most enterprising sights should he neglect to pay it a visit. 

Holy Trinity Cliurcli is the leading Protestant Episcopal Church in 
Brooklyn. It is built on Montague and Clinton Streets, of brown stone, in 




THE APPROACH TO FORT GREENE. 



BROOKLYN. 



101 




BROOKLYN TABERNACLE. 



Gofchic fashion, and was erected in 1847. It cost $230,000, and is the highest 
church in Brooklyn 

East of the City Hall one finds, between Myrtle and De Kalb Avenues, a 
park once known as Fort Greene, but now called Washing-ton Park. It lies 
on a rising ground, and contains about thirty acres of land laid out in walks 
and lawns, surrounded by a stone wall. 

During the War of the Revolution, Fort Greene was an important post. 
There are now many fine residences facing this pretty, restful park. In what 
contrast to this cheerful scene is the gloomy 

Raymond Street Jail, a Gothic building, built of red sandstone. It 
is a handsome, imposing structure ; but we will pass quickly from it to the 
well-devised and thoroughly equipped 

City Hospital. — The hospital is put up on elevated ground in Raymond 
Street, near De Kalb Avenue. It has a front of 200 feet, and consists of a 
main building four stories high, with wings of three stories. Let us turn in 
brighter ways. By going to the west from the City Hall, we come upon two 
fine buildings devoted to the fine arts, the Academies of Music and Design. 

Xlie Academy of Music was erected in 1860, at a cost of $200,000, by 
a stock company. It is of brick and Dorchester stone, and has a front length 



102 BROOKLYN. 

of 236 feet, with a width of 92 feet in the rear. The interior is decorated in 
quiet and most commendable taste. The seating- capacity is small, possibly 
allowing- an audience of 2,300. Many great singers have tuned their sweet 
notes within its walls. 

The Academy of Desig^n adjoins the Academ}' of Music, and it is a 
very ornamental structure, built after the Gothic style, of brown sandstone. 
It has one small and two larg-e rooms for the exhibition of pictures ; these 
are lighted through the roof. 

This building communicates with the Academy of Music on the second 
floor by large doors. The Art Association of Brooklyn holds exhibitions here 
twice a year — in the spring and fall. Admission can onlj' be obtained by a 
member's card. Many of the pictures that are first exhibited by the New 
York Academy of Design come to the Brooklyn exhibition afterwards. 
After the fashionable opening night of the Brooklyn Art Association, the 
pictures shown are always left for three weeks, and may be viewed free of 
charge. 

At the corner of Pierrepont and CUnton Streets, just adjoining Trinity 
Church, stands the building of the 

]LrOng Island Historical Society.— This is a fine brick structure, 
with terra-cotta and stone ornamentations, and was finished in 1880. It con- 
tains a hall, a library of 26,000 volumes, an equal number of pamphlets, and a 
museum. 

If the visitor to this interesting place is not a resident of Brooklyn, he or 
she must be admitted through some member of this society. Members pay 
$5 a year entrance fee, and the same sum in annual dues. Life members pay 
$100 in full for fees and dues. 

Quitting scenes of song and art, we will go on to the big, gray stone 
church, the 

Cliurcli of tlie Pilgrims, of which the Rev. Dr. Storrs is the pastor. 
This edifice rears up its tall spire on the corner of Henry and Remsen Streets. 
The wall of the main tower contains a piece of Plymouth Rock on which the 
Pilgrims landed. Evidently Dr. Storrs is not content with Peter as the sole 
rock of his church, and has put a bit of Puritan element in instead. 

Occupying the entire block between Greene, Clinton and Waverley 
Avenues, is the Titanic pile of 

Xlie Brooklyn Tabernacle, of w^hich the celebrated preacher, 
lecturer, editor and traveler. Dr. T. DeWitt Talmage, is pastor. 

The predecessor of this magnificent edifice was burnt down in October, 
1889, and such was the vigor displayed by the members of the congregation, 
and the architects and workmen engaged, that the new church was dedicated 
in April, 1891. 

The exterior is a mixture of many styles of architecture, very expressive 
of the multiform aspect of its human representative's mind and doctrine ; for 
Dr. Talmage is his own Pope, and issues his own bulls. There is a mediaeval 
earnestness about it, combined with modern efflorescence, that reads like one 
of the doctor's sermons, or rather, harangues, cast in stone like the tables of 
the law. Inside, the building presents the aspect of an immense amphi- 



^1 



BROOKLYN. 



103 



theatre, with two great galleries, and a platform or stage in place of the 
" pulpit drum ecclesiastic," in the narrow confines of which the dramatic ex- 
horter would be "cabinned, cribbed and confined." 

The organ, which supplies the musical accompaniments to the orator's 
eloquence, is the largest in the United States, and the third largest in the 
world. It is of vast power, and its stops are of varied quality and force. It 
can " roar you as gently as a sucking dove," or bellow like a cyclone, at the 
player's will. 

The building will comfortably accommodate more than six thousand 




A DOCK AT THE NAVY YARD. 



people, and ^-et the speaker's softest whisper is plainly audible throughout its 
whole extent. 

In the interior "memorial wall " three great stones are builded. One, 
from the hill of Calvary, another from Mount Sinai, and the third from the 
" Mars Hill" of Athens, where St. Paul bore his testimony, brought by Dr. 
Talmage, in loving remembrance. 

The finest street in the City of Brooklyn is 

Clinton Avenue. — It is very wide, and lined with enormous shade 
trees. Beautiful houses are built upon either side of this perfectly kept 
thoroughfare. It is to Brooklyn what Madison Avenue is to New York, only 



104 BROOKLYN. 

we cannot make any equal comparison, as Clinton Avenue is so far superior. 

If we return to Fulton Ferry, and make a fresh start, we reach the 
United States 

Navy Yard. — The yard is situated on the south shore of Wallabout 
Bay. The grounds embrace an area of 144 acres, and include over two miles 
of wharfage in the harbor. 

Forty-five acres of these grounds are inclosed by a high brick wall. The 
enormous Dry Dock is one of the important features of the Navy Yard, and 
one that is always pointed out to the guest. This dock is built of granite, 
and the main chamber is 286 feet long by 35 feet wide at the bottom, and 307 
feet long by 98 feet wide at the top. It is 36 feet deep, and can be emptied of 
water in four and a half hours by ponderous steam pumps. The dock was 
built at an expense of $2,000,000. 

Tlie Naval L,yceuiii^ founded in 1833 by the officers of the United 
States Navy, is situated in the Navy Yard. It contains a large collection of 
curiosities, and fine geological and mineralogical cabinets, and added to these 
is a fine library. 

The Marine Barracks are built a little east of the Navy Yard. On the 
opposite shore of Wallabout Bay is the 

Marine or Naval Hospital.— This building accommodates 500 
patients, and is well appointed in the interior. From the outside it is an im- 
posing structure. The purchasing and disbursing office for the naval build- 
ings and the yard itself is at No. 29 Broadway, New York City. 

In looking through hospitals, one should not forget the Brooklyn 

Methodist General Hospital.— Though still a young institu- 
tion, it is one of the most charitable enterprises to which the Methodist 
Church has ever given its name and aid. The Methodist Church in the 
United States is not a wealthy order, and the hospitals built by other denom- 
inations have been obliged to take in the Methodist sick. 

But at length Mr. George J. Seney, son of a Methodist clergyman, 
offered in 1881 to give $200,000 to found an institution such as the Methodist 
General Hospital. Mr. Seney intended to have the work completed by outside 
donations. But, nevertheless, he continued to give until he had furnished the 
amount of $410,000. Then the church was asked to give $60,000, and Mr. 
Oliver Hoyt, since dead, added to these sums $5,000, and Mr. John Slayback 
$10,000 more. Several beds have been endowed. The Robinson Brothers, of 
New York City; Mr. William Hoyt, of Stamford; Mr. T. H. Suckley, of Rhine- 
beck, N. Y. ; Dr. A. H. Cheseborough, of Hoboken; and Mr. William S.John- 
son, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., are entered on the hospital records as being early 
donors of sums of $5,000 each to endow beds in this excellent institution. 

Mr. Seney made special stipulations in giving the money to found the 
hospital, that, although the building should have the name of the Methodist 
General Hospital, its doors should be open to " Jew and Gentile, Protestant 
and Catholic, heathen and infidel," on the same terms. 

The hospital grounds occupy one entire block The buildings front on 
Sixth Street, and consist of a central house and two large pavilions on each 
side. A tower rests on the main building, and the height from its top to the 



brooe:lyn. 105 

ground is 126 feet. The hospital is built of bricK and New Jersey freestone, 
and is fireproof, the stairs, floors, beams, partitions and roofs being of iron 
inside and asbestos. The first story, 18 feet high, holds the nurses' dining- 
rooms, the manager's room, general reception room, toilet rooms, clerks' and 
superintendent's offices, and the chapel. The latter will seat 160 people. 
The second story contains living rooms for the matron and private rooms for 
paying- patients. The third story has a ward of beds. The nurses' dormitory 
is on the fourth floor. There is also an apartment for insane patients and a 
dormitory for servants. 

This hospital is free to the poor, but those who can pay, even a trifle, are 
expected to do so, according- to their means. 

To return to less useful and more cheerful scenes. After a long day 
sig-h.t-seeing, let us have an evening- at the theatre, remaining at whichever 
one we like the best of those we look into. 

" Let us rest ourselves a bit. 
Worry ? what's the use of it ?" 

The Ampliioii Xlieatre may be found on Bedford Avenue and 
South Ninth Street. 

Tlie Bedford. Avenue Xlieatre is located on South Sixth Street, 
near Bedford Avenue. And on Fulton Street, near Grand Avenue, one 
comes to the 

Criterion Xlieatre.— This may be reached by the Elevated Road 
on Grand Avenve. 

Xlie Grand Opera House has its home on Elm Place, near Fulton 
Street. 

And on Fulton Street, just opposite the City Hall, we find the 

Park Xlieatre. 

Proctor's Xlieatre is on South Fourth and Driggs Streets. 

Many a man prefers his club to the theatre, and what wonder, when 
Brooklyn club life is famed as being truly delightful. 

Xlie Brooklyn Club is well known and very popular with its 
members. 

Xlie Hamilton Club is situated on the corner of Clinton and 
Montague Streets. At 65 and 67 Putnam Avenue, one passes the 

Lrincoln Club House.— This artistic building- was finished in 1890. It 
opened its new doors on Lincoln's birthday, on February 12. Athough organ- 
ized for a political club, it has dropped all politics, and its members meet for 
social purposes only. Architect R. L. Davis, of Brooklyn, desig-ned the 
house. It is four stories high, with a two-storied extension in the rear. The 
style is sugg-estive of the early French Renaissance fashion of architecture. 
The upper part of the first story is panelled with stained g-lass windows. 
The building- cost $39,000. 

On the corner of Lincoln Place and Eig-hth Avenue, we see the Montauk 
Club. 

Xbe Xbomas JeflFerson Club is on Boerum Place, not far from Ful- 
ton Street. A branch of the famous 



106 BROOKLYN. 

Union League Club is on Bedford Avenue and Dean Streets. . . . 
Leaving the clubs, we find another and perhaps more intellectual place 

of interest, the 

Brooklyn L,ibrary— indeed worthy of close inspection. It is sit- 
uated on Montague Street, near City Hall, and is easily reached by the Ele- 
vated Railroad. It was once known as the Mercartile Library, but has now 
taken the name of the city. The design is Gothic, and the house was built in 
1868. Its cost was $150,000. It contains a library of over 50,000 volumes, 
and the large reading rooms are always filled with students and travelers. 
Other libraries may be found in the 

L,ee Avenue Academy, situated on Lee Avenue near Division Street. 

Also in the 

Pratt Institute.— This stands on Livingstone, near Court Street. The 

Polytechnic Institute can be seen in Ryerson Street, near De Kalb 
Avenue. And the 

Packer Institute is on Joralemon, near Clinton Street. Let us now 
turn our footsteps to beautiful 

Prospect Park.— Brooklyn folk much prefer this to the Central 
Park of New York. The area of ground within its limits covers 510 acres. 
The principal entrance, on Flatbush Avenue, known as the Plaza, is orna- 
mented by a statue of President Abraham Lincoln. A fine fountain also 
greets the eyes of the tourist, and that most effective and beautiful object, 

The Memorial Arch, a monument to the soldiers and sailors who 
fell in the great Civil War of 1861-'65. 

It is a Triumphal Arch of the style found so impressive in the Arc de 
Triomphe de '1 Etoile, in Paris. It stands across the roadway, near the 
fountain, just as the Park entrance is reached. 

Solidity, not meretricious ornament, characterizes the style of this massive 
tribute to patriotism and bravery, and the inscription appropriately reads: 

" To the defenders of the Union." 
1861. 1865. 

The design is due to the genius of John H. Duncan, a native of New 
Orleans, La., and well known as the architect of many beautiful and impress- 
ive buildings here and elsewhere. 

The drives extend over a distance of eight miles; and beside these eight 
miles of carriage road, there is still a distance of three and a half miles of 
bridle-road. Fountains, arbors, rustic seats, drinking wells, and beautiful 
shrubberies are found on every hand as one goes through the Park. The 
highest point of land, 

L,ookout Carriage Concourse, is seven-eighths of an acre in area, 
and 186 feet above the level of the sea. On a clear day, the traveler 
can obtain a marvelous view from its summit, looking upon the Highlands 
of Navesink, Staten Island, the Kill Von Kull, the Palisades, and the 
hills of Orange. Here refreshments are served to the tired tourist. 

A large parade ground stretches out of the southern end of the Park, 
used mostly by the National Guard. The Park is reached by horse cars from 



BROOKLYN. 



107 



"the Brooklyn side 
•of Fulton Street, 
Wall Street, 
South and Hamil- 
ton Avenue 
Ferries and Wil- 
liamsburg Fer- 
ries. 

Park carriages 
"will, for a cost of 
25 cents, take one 
to the principal 
spots of interest 
therein. Thefine- 
^st drive in 
Brooklyn is 

Ocean Park- 
Tvay.— It runs 
from Prospect 
Park city line to 
•Coney Island, a 
distance of over 
five miles. The 
rsight-seer will 
next find himself 
in beautiful, 
peaceful 

GreeiiTv^ood 
C e m e t e r y . — 
This celebrated 
city of the dead 
contains 450 acres 
of land, with eight 
lakes, supplied 
with water from 
a reservoir on 
Fountain Hill. 
The cemetery is 
drained by sub- 
terranean pipes. 
It has eighteen 
and a half miles 
of stone laid ave- 
nues and seven- 
teen miles of 
paths. The first 
interment was 




108 BROOKLYN. 

made in September, 1840. This cemetery has five entrances, and the Main 
Entrance, at Twenty-fifth Street and Fifth Avenue, is by far the handsomest, 
as the recesses over the gateway are filled with groups of statuary. At the 
southwestern end of Valley Water is the figure erected to the memory of 

Jolin MattlieiTS. — This monument was designed and executed by Pro- 
fessor Carl Muller, and the full-length figure of John Matthews is carved on 
the sarcophagus, while a stone canopy is erected above, supported hy sculp- 
tured marble. Near Oak Avenue, on Locust Hill, we may see the famous 

Monument to Horace Greeley.— This tribute, given by the print- 
ers of America, represents, in a bronze bas-relief, Horace Greeley as a young 
man at work at his case with the composing stick in his hand. 

Passing on to Fir and Vine Avenues, the beautiful chapel built in mem- 
ory of Marj' Dancer comes into view. Miss Dancer, in life, was a most char- 
itable woman, having given over $300,000 to religious and humane institu- 
tions. The interior of this chapel is of choicest marble, and contains two 
finely chiseled figures. The floor is tiled and the roof vaulted. In the lot 
belonging to the late 

James Oordon Bennett we find a group of statuary of rare Carrara 
marble. The work was executed in Italy, and represents a woman kneeling 
in supplication to God for her child's safe keeping. In Bayside Dell the 
statue of 

DeWitt Clinton is seen in colossal size, and made of bronze. A mon- 
ument to 

L,ouis Bonard is erected on Battle Avenue, by the Society for the 
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. This tribute was given Bonard in memory 
of the large sums of money and great personal assistance he gave this 
humane society 

There are also to be seen in this beautiful God's acre a monument on Hill 
Ridge to the memory of six brothers named Brown, who perished in the wreck 
of the steamship '' Artis;" likewise the Firemen's Monument, erected by the 
old-time Volunteer fire laddies. 

On High Wood Hill stands a remembrance of Morse, the inventor of 
electrical telegraphy ; another to Roger Williams, the founder of Rhode 
Island ; and one to Henry Ward Beecher, in Section 140. 

C. K. Garrison has an oriental tomb on Vernal Avenue ; and the Sea 
Captains, a memorial of Captain John Correja, on Vista Avenue, fitl}" com- 
panioned by the Soldiers' Monument on Battle Hill, in memory of the men of 
New York who died in the struggle between the Federals and the Confederates; 
and the Pilot's Monument, erected in remembrance of Pilot Thomas Freeborn, 
and the plot of the fire victims at Bayview and Battle Avenue, in memory of 
one hundred and five unrecognized bodies of those who perished on the night 
of December 5, 1876, in the burning of the Brooklyn Theatre. 



110 



CONEY ISLAND. 



iM h 



''n* Z.V 







.1- 



Si 

''^'''"'' tii!P%^^^iJ!!li! l'' *-!SJ'"' ' ' ' '' " ''i^ii'i<** #rt'!iiiBiSiiiMili!ii 




MANHATTAN BEACH HOTEL. 

And now, from the colony of the unknown and the famous dead, from the 
resting- place of the mourned as well as the forgotten, we must turn away. 
'Tis said " we have no time for grief." 

Our attention is called to the gayest of Brooklyn's environs — to 

Coney Island.— This is the great excursion resort for all classes of 
Brooklyn and New York. 

It is distinguished by no particular refinement. Of the hurrying, jostling, 
noisy crowd, that rushes wildl}^ from one attraction to another, very few are 
Coney Island visitors for more than the day. Tourists or pleasure seekers- 
seldom care to remain overnight. The part of the Island known as Brighton 
Beach and Manhattan Beach is much quieter, and several shades more exclusive, 
and West Brighton has fairly good hotels and restaurants which are not 
expensive. 

Among the varied attractions that draw crowds to Coney Island, the 
bathing must not be forgotten. Nowhere is there a more commodious beach ,^ 
furnished with all manner of appliances for the natatory art and for the 
safety of those who indulge in its practice. Besides, there are life-savers in 
abundance, courageous, hardy fellows, who think nothing of risking their own 
lives, if, perchance, they may save those of others — a gallant, though, alas ! 
unrecognized band of heroes. 

To their presence we owe the safety with which surf bathing is carried on 
here during the season, and it is, indeed, delightful to contemplate the luxuries 
of a sea bath on this sloping shore and in these ozone-laden billows. 

Health and cleanliness are both served by the Coney Island beach and its- 
guardians, and their presence is far more attractive to people of good taste than 
the garish and plebeian delights afforded in such plenty by the hosts of amuse- 
ment purveyors that throng the avenues of this American Margate. Not- 
withstanding the somewhat boisterous nature of the Coney Island style, there 



112 ROCKAWAY BEACH. 

is a deal of solid comfort and innocent pleasure to be got by a visit to this 
liberally-disposed place of summer resort, and many would pine if by chance 
the sea should swallow it up, as is not impossible. 

The Manhattan Beach and Oriental Hotels give excellent satisfaction. 
During the summer the guests here are daily entertained with music and fire- 
works every evening. 

From Manhattan Beach, one may, by taking a ferry, reach 

Rockai^ay Beacli.— Coney Island in its busiest part and Rockaway 
Beach are much alike. 

Rockaway is only twenty miles from New York City, and is reached by 
railroad and steamer. If the bathers weary of the heavy ocean surf while 
bathing at this resort, the still waters of Jamaica Bay are at their service, 
for Long Island is bounded on one side by the Bay. At the eastern end, 
where the beach joins the main land, is the village of Far Rockaway; there 
are several good hotels here. Some ver}^ beautiful homes have been put up 
by old residents, and the little place is quite exclusive. It is an agreeable 
spot in which to pass even a fortnight, but it is not a tourist's resort. Imme- 
diately east of Rockaway is 

Long: Beacli.— Here cottages may be hired, and if one prefers to live 
more cheaply, the hotel accommodation is very good. This place is reached 
by the Long Island Railroad. 

On the shore of Great South Bay lies the colony of 

Babylon.— The bathing here is one of the strong attractions. The hotel 
is very good indeed, and its terms are reasonable. With blue fishing near at 
hand, Babylon is fully appreciated by its summer settlers. 









JERSEY COAST. 






s^S^^- 



■< i^f 






l-a^ 



~-=-xS^Si--^^:S^ <-^^ "^^ ^ 



Not only is the New York of the present rapidly blossoming- into a beauti- 
ful city, but its surroundings are going- to resemble the picturesque suburbs 
of an ancien^i city. One of the prettiest is 

Seabriglit. — This is one of the gayest summer cities on the coast. Its 
visitors are sure of a happy season, for there is an air of democracy about the 
place that makes its little world akin. The private houses, built by some of 
its residents for summer homes, testify to their faith in the continued popu- 
larity of the resort, for large fortunes have been expended on these dwellings. 
Some of the finest country houses in the State are built on Rumsen's Neck. 
Seabrig-ht has a novelty for its visitors in the little fishing- village called 
Nauvoo. 

The famous Seabright Lawn Tennis and Cricket Club has a house and 
grounds on the Rumsen Road. The hotels are excellent, and the tourist has 
the choice of several. The drives in and about Seabrig-ht make it a favorite 
place for horsemen. Unlike many resorts, its popularity has steadily in- 
creased, until it is now one of the most popular places on the Jersey Coast. 
It is not an uncommon occurrence for Seabright visitors to exchange calls 
with their friends at 

Monmoutli Beacli, a much quieter spot than Seabright. The Beach 
rejoices in old settlers, who come back year after year, content to miss the 
summer festivities going- on in g"ayer places. One of the odd features of this 
coast retreat is that it boasts of having- no regular hotel. There are some few 
cottag-es — about twenty-five — that are let to friends of the regular residents. 
A large dining-room in the Monmouth Beach Club House is at the service of 
these cottagers. No stranger is allowed in the club dining-room, so it will be 
easily seen that although possessing charms of which its owners are rightly 
jealous, this resort is not one to appeal to the stranger. There is a Casino, 
where private theatricals are given, and some very fine home talent has been 
discovered on its boards. In the lower part of the Casino a billiard-room for 



114 JERSEY COAST. 

the use of the citizens may be found. How different is Monmouth Beach from 
the festive 

Lroug: Brancli. — ''The Brighton of America" is a name often given to 
this watering place. It gains its original title, however, from the adjacent 
branch of the Shrewsbury River. This town is known to have been in sole 
possession of the Cranberry Indians in 1734. Consequently much historic 
lore is connected with it and its immediate suburbs. It was not until in 1753 
that white men settled there. The treaty these first residents made with the 
Indians was an interesting one, since such a peculiar bargain was never made 
before or since. 

The Indians insisted on a wrestling match before they would even con- 
sider a transfer of a portion of their land. The white man must be able to 
throw down an Indian before he was thought fit to live amongst the Cran- 
berry tribe. After the Indian had been beaten in the contest, the settler was 
allowed as much land as he could walk around in one day. 

The Long Branch we see now is so worldly a place one cannot readily im- 
agine it as the home of the savage. It is a seashore cosmopolis. It has any 
number of fine hotels and churches. Its nearness to Monmouth Park make 
it a headquarters for the racing fraternity. Tliere are many private houses 
in Long Branch proper, still its suburbs are the spots selected by its quieter 
guests. Hollj^wood, near the West End Station, is a peaceful little colony that 
boasts of being a village within itself. It has one hotel and many private cot- 
tages. Its bathing pavilion is one of the most complete places of its kind 
known in America. 

The West End Hotel also has put up a delightful pavilion for the use of 
its guests. Long Branch can be reached by the Iron Steamboats, Pier A, 
North River, and the Central Railroad of New Jersey. A continuation of 
Long Branch is 

Elberon, a place something after the st^'le of Monmouth Beach. Quiet 
and exclusive, Ihe wealth of its residents tends towards their success in keep- 
ing out the too nois3" tourists. Elberon's land is in the hands of those who 
prefer to sell it to their personal friends, or, at least, to people of known good 
standing. Both General Grant and President Garfleld were fond of the peace 
they found in this little refuge. Indeed, it was here that President Garfield 
found the truest peace of his life, the peace that passeth all understanding. 
The Franckljm Cottage, where the President died, is always a noted spot for 
sight-seeing folks, who look at it with reverent eyes. 

The Elberon Casino is a dainty little building, finished in excellent taste. 
The Elberon Hotel was also built by the stockholders in the Casino. Just 
south of elegant, fastidious Elberon, is the jolly and non-exclusive 

Asbury Park. — It is here that many Methodists make their summer 
headquarters. Camp meetings are the most pronounced feature of Asbury 
Park's attractions. It is probably due to the religious influence exerted by 
these summer pilgrims that liquor has been banished from the place, and it 
has gained the name of being a temperance town. 

In fact the most noted anti-liquor movements ever started were planned 
at the open-air meetings. 



HUDSON RIVER. 



115 



Many of Elberon's visitors come from Asbury Park to see the sights, 
returning- at night. There is mucli to be seen of Bohemian artist life in this 
popular resort. Painters, actors, journalists, illustrated newspaper artists, 
singers, and, in fact, all sorts and conditions of men, are to be found here, 
mingling together as one. Having many of the same characteristics as the 
Park, and situated near it, is 

Ocean Grove. — Here camp meetings are also held during the entire 
summer. The attraction to many tourists of the Grove is the belt of pine 
that runs back of the coast, a continuation of the same stretch of wood that 
begins at Long Branch and grows south. Under the pines picnic parties 
congregate at all hours of the da}^ and song, laughter and good cheer ring 
out all along this bit of New Jersey forest. It is this same growth of pine 
that touches the little colony of Lakewood and makes it so healthful as a resort 
of the weak and work-worn. Ocean Grove folk have a great liking for their 
neighbors at Asbury Park, and a well-known resident of one colony is almost 
sure to be known in the other. 



Hudson River. 




^■.. 



But, leaving the coast lands, let us take to the river— to the beautiful, 
picturesque, the incomparable Hudson. One of the oldest and most interest- 
ing spots on its banks is the historic old 

Fort L,ee.— It stands in plain sight of the excursion boats passing by. 
Several large steamers land here, remaining over during much of the day, that 
their passengers may see the grounds and beautiful scenery surrounding. The 



116 



HUDSON RIVER. 



old Revolutionary fortification, Fort Lee, was just opposite the Fort Wash- 
ington of to day, and on the brow of the Palisades. 

Considering- how much of our country's history is identified with this 
attractive bit of the Hudson shore, it is not singular that excursionists visit 
Fort Lee in droves during the entire summer. The Hudson flowing in front 
of the site of the old fort is always dotted with row boats. Oxie advantage 
this summer pleasure-ground has is that it is so near New York City, and so 
easily reached, that even the busiest man may steal an hour or so away to pay 
it a fleeting visit. 

After a sail of fifteen miles from New York, on the east shore of the 
Hudson, one finds the secluded 

Mount Saint Vincent. — Here the Ladies of the Sacred Heart have 
their large and famous Convent, within easy walking dis- 
tance of Yonkers and Dobbs' Ferry. No wonder that 
these good Sisters find their parlors often filled to over- 
flowing. There is the home of the children of some very 
celebrated people. Manj^ famous artists have given over 
then^ little ones to the Sisters' charge, and if one calls 
on visitmg days one may meet several celebrated 
mothers whose busy public lives will not allow 
them time to take entire care of their children. 

The Convent grounds are beautiful and care- 
fully cultivated, and their shady walks have known 
the tread of restless feet from all parts of the 
world. At Piedmont, some twenty- two miles 
further up the western shore, the Hud- 
1 son widens and forms a sort of lake, 

which is known as 

Xappan ^ee, a sheet of water 
measuring ten miles by four 
miles at its widest point. 
About three miles south of 
Piedmont,General Washing- 
ton had his headquarters at 
a place called Tappan, and 
here Major Andre was im- 
prisoned, sentenced and ex- 
ecuted. Washington's head- 
quarters, a ramshackle sort 
of building, still stands. Tappan folk will also point out the spot where 
Andre was executed. They know the story well. Was it not handed down lO 
them ? On the east shore of Tappan Zee, about four miles above Dobbs' 
Ferry is 

Irving^ton. — Washington Irving discovered more charms in this quaint 
Hudson village than any guide-book could hope to point out. It is a disap- 
pointment to many tourists that Irving's home, Sunnyside Cottage, may not 
be seen from the river, although it is directly on the bank. But the shrub- 




THE PALISADES. 



HUDSON RIVER. 



117 



bery and trees set out in Irving's time have grown to such size that they 
completely hide the one-time home of America's great, if not greatest, author. 
It wiU interest the student to know that Sunnyside Cottage was the original 
of Wolfert's Roost. Along the course of Mill River the valley of Sleepy Hol- 
low lies, and the old stone bridge still spans its length across th e stream . W ho 
has not delighted in the minute description of that bridge, written by Irving 




VIEW FROM WEST POINT. 

in the story of " Ichabod Crane " ? In this sad and beautiful valley, the old 
Dutch Church, built in 1699, yet stands. It was in this church that Major 
Andre hid himself while seeking to regain the British lines after his famous 
negotiation wath Benedict Arnold. Since Irving's time we have laid a poet 
to rest in Sleepy Hollow, a poet who gained his fame after death, a second 
Chatterton. I write of Francis Saltus. Leaving restful and inspiring Irving- 
ton, we see that the next settlement is Tarry town. Just above it is Rockland 
Lake, and crossing we come to 

Sing Sing.— The name is a sad one, telling tales of blighted lives, of 
man's crime, fury, and sometimes false imprisonment. The State prisons are 
made of marble and limestone. Nothing can be seen in Sing Sing by him who 
may sail thither bwt sights of sorrow. The prisons are kept wonderfully 
clean; the prisoners send out an almost incredible amount of work. As the 
result of their close attention to the prison trade, they have been obliged to 



118 HUDSON RIVER. 

learn. After passing out from the shadow of the jail walls, one may sail up 
the Hudson, a little above Sing Sing, to Croton Point. Here the Croton River 
enters into the Hudson, which soon widens into Haverstraw Bay, and as the 
boat enters the bay, the Highlands can be seen in the distance. On the north- 
ern end of Haverstraw Bay we see historic 

Stony Point.— It is a rocky promontory, as indeed its name implies, 
and a lighthouse marl^s the spot and gives it a singularly desol ite appear- 
ance. Stony Point was once the site of a fort which the British captured on 
June 1, 1779. Poor, mad Anthony Wayne re-captured the fort at desperate 
odds, at midnight on July 15, of the same year; but it was abandoned through 
lack of forces to hold it. In fact, there is not an inch of the beautiful Hudson 
shore that has not a vvonderful interest for every patriotic American. Many 
legendary rumors have disturbed the authentic history of spots thickly dot- 
ting this living bank. The tourist is not asked to take these matters on trust. 
For once the school books and lay of the land so fully tally that we know 
in reaching certain places near Stony Point that we are treading in the wake 
of great generals who fought that we might be free-born citizens of America. 
Leaving the Sugar Loaf Mountain behind us, we see, on the west bank of the 
river. 

Buttermilk Falls. — Here a series of cascades come down from 100 
feet on high. In such a wonderful location for an hostelr^^, stands the world- 
known Cranstons Hotel. 

Cranstons ! What a mist of memories the name evokes. More love- 
making has been done here, more matches made, than at any other summer 
hotel in this country. For Cranstons is a favorite spot for pretty girls, and 
West Point is only a short distance above it, and every young woman at 
Cranstons knows the road to 

"West Point. — Here the students at the United States Military Acad- 
emy can be seen drilling, if the traveler passes by at the right time. The 
school buildings stand upon a plateau 157 feet above the river. The road, 
leading up from the landing, is cut out of the cliff of solid rock. The Cadets' 
Barracks, the Academic Rooms, the Mess Hall, the Chapel, the Museum of 
Ordnance and Trophies, are among the Academy buildings. The view of the 
Hudson as seen from West Point is exquisite. On the Parade Grounds a 
laronze statue stands, erected to General Sedgwick, killed at the battle of 
Spottsylvania. 

The best months in which to visit West Point are June, July and August. 
The guest should never leave this famous militar^^ school without having 
taken a turn in Flirtation Walk, where the students take the guests from 
Cranstons, and lose their hearts during each stroll. 'Tis said a soldier's 
heart is like a sailor's. 

Following the Highlands, the next place to be seen is 

Ncwburg. — It is not an interesting place for the traveler ; it belongs 
rather to its old settlers. One point, however, of great interest to an out- 
sider, should be seen, and this is Washington's Headquarters, which still 
stands south of the town. It is a stone mansion, built in 1750. The State 
owns the house, and it contains a great number of war relics. The view from. 



HUDSON RIVER. 



119 



the old building commands the wonderful entrance to the Highlands. Surely 
no other river gives such chances to the sailors on its bosom as the beautiful 
Hudson. Its banks have become so identified wibh the history of our country 
that we cannot but look upon them with a feeling of pride and patriotism, 
and, added to this, a sense of wonder at the mighty Highlands. 

It is to be wondered at 
in gazing on the grand 
tide of the mighty river 
that the ''houseboat" 
system, so popular and 
delightful on the " Silver 
Thames," has not extend- 
ed to the "Rhine of 
America," but has con- 
fined itself, in its cis- 
Atlantic form, to placid, 
unmteresting canals and 
western lakes. Possibly 
the strength of the current 
makes it difficult to moor 
houseboats with sufficient 
security, or the waters 
are too turbulent for easy 




riding, but surely the me- 
chanical genius that car- 
ries horses and carriages 
across the North and East 
Rivers without a strain is 
equal to safe anchoring of 
an ark in the upper 
reaches of the river. 








WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS, NEWBURG. 



LOOKING BACKWARD. 



^HE CITY OF NEW YORK has gone through a course of evolution 
(^ similar to that of a butterfly. Beginning- its existence as a mere grub 
of a Dutch settlement, then wrapped in the chrysalis of an English 
colony, it ate its way out of its constraining envelopment and burst into the 
sunshine as a full fledged and free city. But, unlike the butterfly, it has not 
contented itself with merely fluttering its wings and reveling in its freedom, 
but, taking example by the bee, it has worked to increase its store and to 
build its hive ever stronger and more artistic. 

In its grub state it burrowed by the shore, content to grow by slow 
degrees, and to husband its strength for what was to come, under the benefi- 
cent but unprogressive rule of Wouter von Twiller, or, Walter the Doubter, 
so graphically described by Diedrich Knickerbocker in his far-famed " History 
of Nieuw Amsterdam," as the little town was called in that age of peace and 
quiet. In the time of William the Testy, the instinct of progress began to 
move in its sluggish body, and when the doughty Stuyvesant arose, the grub 
bestirred itself so restlessly that the attention of its unruly neighbors, the 
English settlers on the Connecticut — called by phonetic change, Yankees, from 
the Indian " Yengeese," which again is an attemp^^ of the savages to pronounce 
the word '' English " — was called to the luscious morsel fattening under their 
noses, till, like a spider, the hungry British enwrapped it in their toils and 
sucked its very life blood. 

But tenacity of existence, under the most unfavorable conditions, is a 
privilege of cats, frogs and Dutchmen. So in course of time the enmeshed 
town ate its way through its prison walls and took on its new form of bril- 
liance, since which emancipation it has gone bravely on increasing in size, im- 
portance and beauty, till it has arrived at the dignity of a metropolis of the 
first class, ranking with London, Paris, Berlin, and Vienna. 

Owing to the configuration of the island on which the City of New York 
is situated, its growth has been longi- rather than lati-tudinal. The North and 
East Rivers, which bound it, have forced it to extend like that toy called a 
'' lazy tongs," and it is a very interesting retrospection to examine its gradual 
stretching out from the Battery to Harlem, and to note the various steps in its 
progress. 

The stockade or wall built across the island as a defense against the In- 
dians, and, ferce naiurce, was the first stopping-place of the growing citj', and 
its memory is still kept green hy the name of the street which has taken its 
place, the celebrated '''Wall Street," which, from a battle-ground with 
aborigines and wild beasts, has developed into a place of strife for bulls and 
bears of the civilized kind, where tusks and talons, though concealed beneath 
kid gloves and well-trimmed mustaches, are none the less deadly. 

Below this wall lay the city, with its stocks and whipping-post for the 
punishment of offenders, on the spot now occupied by the Bowling Green, and 
its gibbet on the Battery. 



LOOKING BACKWARD. ]21 

Here the city reposed for man^^ years, growing- fat and saucy, till, by the 
course of nature, it overflowed its limits and proceeded upwards. 

The next stopping-place was at the northern limit of the City Hall Park, 
which is now Chambers Street. The belief that the ultimatum was now 
reached ; that the fiat, " Thus far shalt thou go and no further," had been 
issued against the infant town, is proved by the fact that the builders of the 
City Hall economically constructed the hinder, or more northerly end of 
the structure, of common materials, and showed the splendor of marble 
only on the front that looked towards the city. 

Here also was situated the temple of the drama, so long admired and 
revered as ''The Park Theatre," on the classic stage of which George 
Frederick Cooke, Edmund Kean, Mr. and Mrs. Wood, Malibran, Fanny 
EUsler, and many other stars of opera and drama, acting, sang and danced. 
Burton, the inimitable comedian, had his temple to Momus where the Ameri- 
can News Company now dispenses its literature. 

In this cosy nook Burton himself, John Broughom, Lester Wallack — then 
known as John Lester — John Dyott, George Jordan, Charles Walcot, 
William Rufus Blake, Chippendale, Mrs. Hoey then Mrs. Russell, Mrs. 
Brougham, and heaps of other lights of the stage flourished, and Charley 
Herbert held his favorite resort of Bohemians, in rivalry to that of Windust 
on Park Row and Beekman Street. 

No better sign and token of the up-town stretching of New York can be 
afforded than the northward march of the theatres, which are the servants of 
and attendants on prosperity, and thus serve as mile stones on the high road 
of progress. 

On the corner of Chambers Street and Broadway, A. T. Stewart erected 
his great marble bazaar, which was talked upon at the time as the foolish 
freak of a too-ambitious trader, but which justified the prescience of its 
founder by being the parent of all the magnificent palaces dedicated to female 
finery, that make of New York one vast bazaar of luxury and splendor. 
The first of the great hotels, the Astor House, was also erected in this neigh- 
borhood, and stands till this day. 

Another squeeze of the lazy tongs brings the extending town to Anthony 
Street (now Worth Street), on the corner of which was built the Broadway 
Theatre, as an opposition to the historic Park, and the Cafe de I'Europe be- 
came another place of meeting for authors, artists and actors. Here did 
Garibaldi and his great St. Bernard dog spend hours, the one playing 
dominoes, the other watching his master with anxious care depicted in his 
honest eyes. Here, too, came Louis Kossuth, with his hat and feather, which 
were for a time the rage. 

Bye and bye the lazy tongs stretched itself further, to Houston Street, 
where William Niblo opened his Garden Theatre, still extant. 

Another squeeze, and Brougham's, afterwards Wallack's Theatre, ap- 
peared on the corner of Broome Street and Broadway, in which old English 
comedies were given with a perfection never equaled since. 

One more squeeze and Union Square is reached — the Academy of Music, 
the Union Square Theatre, Wallack's Theatre, and the famous Rialto estab- 



132 LOOKING BACKWARD. 

lished. Here actors stood in crowds on the sidewalk for hire, and here Wal- 
lack and Palmer made their fortunes, while others lost them. 

Stewart's store, always the shrewd companion of the theatre, also moved 
up to the great iron structure now occupied by Hilton, Hughes & Co., and 
here the city for a while remained in arrested development, only, however, to 
recruit its strength for further and unparalleled exertions. 

The next extension of the lazy tongs brought the theatrical mile stone to 
Thirty-third Street, and established a new "Rialto, " extending from that 
limit back to Twenty-fourth Street, and including the Madison Square 
Theatre, the Fifth Avenue Theatre, so-called because it is not on Fifth 
Avenue ; Palmer's, late Wallack's Theatre ; Hermann's Theatre, the Bijou 
Opera House, Daly's Theatre, and Hill's Standard Theatre. Harrigan's 
Theatre may also be considered as ''on the Rialto," although it is slightly 
beyond the just limits of that region " where actors most do congregate." 

Of course trade accompanied, or rather preceded, the upward progress of 
theatres and hotels, and especially crowded the coveted space on the vertebral 
column of New York known as Broadway. 

But now the lazy tongs got another and more emphatic squeeze, and the 
Casino, the Broadway Theatre, the Park Theatre, and the now cremated 
Metropolitan Opera House, appeared, attended by their satellites, the stores 
and hotels, and extended by the Empire Theatre and Hammerstein's Opera 
House, and the magnificent hotels neighboring Central Park. 

A gap now stopped the further extension of the lazy tongs, and Central 
Park gave it pause ; but the usual crawl began again on the further side, 
and stores, hotels and theatres sprouted up, as by magic, from One Hundred 
and Twenty-fifth Street to the uttermost ends of the island, creating a new 
city in fact, though not in name, in which the villages of Morrisania and 
Harlem have been swallowed up, as those of Chelsea and Greenwich 
were aforetime. How long the Harlem River will estop the all devouring 
city remains to be seen, but things point to a speedy o'erleaping or filling up 
of the watery obstacle, and an extension, laterall^^ as well as headlong, such 
as the world has never seen. 

The changes of manners, habits and customs have been no less extraor- 
dinary than the growth of this wonderful city. 

Up to the first joint of the New York spinal column, at Wall Street, the 
people were quiet, dull, and eminently law abiding and respectable. The men 
wore steeple-crowned hats and many breeches; the women curches and multi- 
tudinous petticoats. Time and distance were measured by pipes instead of 
miles, and cabbages were the staple product of the semi-rural gardens that 
surrounded each house as with a moat. 

From the Wall Street to the Chambers Street extension, the British 
element leavened the lump, and the old-fashioned but aristocratic Knicker- 
bocker blended with the equally old-fashioned and aristocratic British colon- 
ist, to produce a society exclusive and refined in the upper part, hard working 
and law-abiding in the lower. To this period belong such men as Martin, 
and (prince) John Van Buren, James Fenimore Cooper, Washington Irving, 
and Dandy Marks. 



LOOKING BACKWARD. 123 

The next move up-town brought with it the Irish invasion, and the govern- 
ment of the town passed from the lymphatic but honest hands of the Anglo- 
Dutch aristocrats into the restless and not over-scrupulous clans of the Celtic 
invaders. Tammany, a half-breed of mixed American and Celtic stock, began 
to flourish his tomahawk and utter his war-whoop. 

The fire laddies began their course of life-saving and head-breaking. The 
police, irreverently nicknamed "Leatherheads," from the thickness of their 
skulls and the "leather covering" by which those skulls were covered and 
shielded at night, were few and far between, and wore no distinguishing mark 
save a brass star, which the gallant fellows were wont to take from their 
breasts and put in their pockets while they calmly stood by and enjoyed a row 
as spectators. The streets were paved with cobble stones, and redolent of 
filth and mud knee deep. Whiskey was three cents a glass, good board 
was $4 a week, and a pro-French and anti-British spirit pervaded society as 
Anglo-mania does at the present time. 

And yet life was pleasant and jolly in those old times, when people were 
neighborly if rough ; and the papers had but newly begun to stir up discord 
and call it news. 

The next onward leap brought the Germans and lager bier, the Tv»^eed 
ring, uniformed police and a paid fire department, Russ pavement, street cars, 
and other blessings, including Orange and nigger riots, and the cholera. 

The face of the city was changed, and Central Park was laid out, on the 
" debatable ground," whereon the boys and girls were wont to pick chick-a- 
pins, and to fish for minnows. The city took on the cosmopolitan favor that 
now so marks it, because communication with Europe was established. The 
telegraph was invented, and all things "suffered a sea change into some- 
thing rich and strange." 

Max Maretzek gave the town the best opera that has ever delighted the 
ear, and ruined himself in the giving. This was the era of Jenny Lind, Anna 
Bishop, Lagrange, Brignoli, Salvi, Badiali, Sontag, Albani, and the like. 

The fine arts, too, flourished exceedingly, and the Sketch Club, together 
with other institutions of an artistic trend, were established. 

Then came the Civil War, and New York endured a revolution of its own. 
All things went through a purgation, as though by fire. A new world ap- 
peared — a world of extreme wealth and extreme poverty, in which the old 
families went down and new ones sprung up ; in which wealth supplanted 
birth, and " hustle " came into fashion. 

The architecture of the city left off its bastard classic attempt at grace, 
and a Renaissance founded on, but exceeding in force, that of mediseval Italy, 
took shape. 

The buildings put up at this period are distinguished for chasteness of 
design and perfection of execution, and the upper part of the city, with its 
boulevards and wide avenues and streets, may well vie with the most beautiful 
cities of the Old World. At the same time the lower part is gradually con- 
forming to the new school, and remodeling their pseud o- Grecian temples on 
purer lines. 

In the not distant future the City of New York, or, as some propose to 



134 LOOKING BACKWARD. 

call it, "The City of Manhattan,'' a title, by the way, long ago advocated by 
Washing-ton Irving, will be quoted as one of the most beautiful, as it is already 
one of the most important, of the earth. 

New York's twin sister, Brooklyn, has followed in her elder's footsteps 
in the march of improvement and prosperity. From an insignificant village, 
the town has gradually increased to the importance of a large city, while 
retaining a good deal of th«^ " rus in urhe "or as the ancient Dutch settlers 
used to term it, ''lust in rust" (pleasure in repose). Not so very many 
years ago pigs were the scavengers of Brooklyn streets, and used to run 
about unchallenged and protected. Even forty years since these useful but 
not ornamental animals were familiar to the eye in Fulton Street, and, indeed, 
but a few years before that date they were not wholly unknown on Broadway, 
New York. 

Now, however, the streets of Brooklyn are patrolled by police in uniform, 
and cleansed by a system equal, if not superior, to that of New York. 

Brooklyn is mostly a city of homes. Business men love to come back, 
after a day's turmoil, to a peaceful home, and of these Brooklyn is full. 

Not that there is any lack of business stir and progress, but it is mostly 
connected with the needs of the residents and does not deal with the outside 
world to any great extent. 

There are any amount of churches, so many, indeed, that Brooklyn is 
familiarly and affectionately called, " The City of Churches." All denomi 
nations flourish there, from the stately Catholic to the lowly Dunker, and from 
the orthodox Episcopalian to the heterodox Irvingite and Swedenborgian. 
All shades of faith and all varieties of doctrine can be had for the asking. 

Theatres, too, abound, but altogether of the combination character; and 
Brooklyn is the paradise of amateur dramatic associations. 

Music is also ardently" cultivated and nobly patronized, the Brooklyn 
Philharmonic being second to that of New York only in numbers and talent. 

Thirty -five years ago public entertainments in this city were represented 
by the Brooklyn Museum, in which scenery was so scanty that, on one 
occasion of the performance of " Black-Eyed Susan," William was hanged in 
a scene representing Fulton Ferry as the nearest approach to a nautical 
setting. 5 

Now the appointments and magnificence of theatrical decoration is not 
excelled even by Paris. 

There can be no doubt that, in course of time, many more gigantic 
* bridges, like the grand structure now spanning the East River will still more 
closely bind with their chains of iron the two cities, and probably bring about 
a stricter union. 

As it is, Brooklyn is a charming place to live in, and a solid place to do 
business in, and happy and blessed are the inhabitants thereof. 



GENERAL INFORMATION. 



AMUSEMENTS. 

^HE CITY OF NEW YORK is prolific in public amusements of all kinds. 
There are clubs for the socially disposed ; taverns, euphemistically 
called " saloons," for the convivial ; lectures, for the intellectual ; ser- 
mons, for the pious ; concerts for the musical ; and theatres for the dramatic. 
There was a mag-nificent Opera House, in which the finest singers of the 
world were heard, but which is now, alas ! dust and ashes. 

Of course, thing's musical cannot remain without an Opera House, but at 
present there is none. 

There are, however, theatres in plenty, both leg-itimate, minor, melo- 
dramatic, spectacular and variety. Of the leg-itimate, the lead is undoubtedly 
Daly's Theatre, Broadway and West Thirtieth Street. 

This is really the only theatre in New York at present, in which a stock 
company, of first-rate merit all through, performs, not onlj' the modern drama, 
and Mr. Daly's own adaptations from the French and German stage, but the 
g-enuine old Eng-lish comedies and the lig-hter Shakespearean plays. Of late 
years Daly's has taken the place so long and so worthily held by Wallack's 
Theatre, first established on Broome Street and Broadway, by James A. Wal- 
lack, father of Lester Wallack ; then on the site of the present " Star " Theatre, 
Broadway and Thirteenth Street ; and lastly where Mr. Palmer now holds 
sway, exactly opposite Daly's, on the corner of Broadway and Thirtieth 
Street. 

Daly's is the highest-priced theatrical entertainment in New York, the 
best seats costing $2, and the cheapest 50 cents. It is beautifully deco- 
rated within, by Garibaldi and Grivaz ; while many valuable portraits of 
celebrated actors adorn the walls of the lobby. There are 1,309 seats, in each 
of which a perfect view of the stage can be obtained, and in which the actors' 
voices are distinctly audible. 

The management, both of the stage and of the front of the house, is 
thorough; nothing is slighted, but all done ''decently and in order." The 
company is sterling in every line of business, and the leading ladj^ Miss Ada 
Rehan, is confessedly the best actress in America, and, not only that, she has 
brought London to her feet. 

A special charm in this theatre is the band, which, though not large, is 
as near perfection, musically, as possible. Every member is an artist, and 
the musical director, Mr. Henry Widmer, is one of the first musicians and 
contrapuntists of the day. On occasions that require more musical force the 
band is increased, and every one who has heard the music of ''As You Like 
It," given in this theatre, will remember the exquisite rendering. As on the 
stage, so in the orchestra, the paint room and the lobbies, every one knows 
his business, is fitted for his business, and does his business. 



126 AMUSEMENTS. 

The present house is on the site of the old Banvard-Barnum-Wood 
Museum. 

The Lyceum Theatre, on Fourth Avenue and Twenty-third Street, is also 
a stock theatre, of which Miss Georgia Cay van, an excellent actress, is the 
leading- light. It is a very pretty and w^ell arranged, though tiny house, with 
661 seats, ranging in price from 75 cents to $2. 

The plays given here are all pleasing, light, and irreproachable in style. 
The stage setting and the costuming are models of beauty and good taste, and 
the company is excellent. The manager is Mr. Daniel Frohman, a man of 
wide experience and earnest devotion to the good in art. 

The Casino, an oriental looking building on the corner of Broadway and 
Thirty-ninth Street, has been, since its opening on October 8, 1882, the chosen 
house of comic opera in New York. Here were produced many splendid suc- 
cesses, under the management of the Aronsons. 

''Amorita," "Prince Methusaleh," "Nadgy," and "Erminie," all saw 
the light of public favor in this beautiful theatre. Here Lillian Russell made 
her reputation; here Pauline Hall was developed. The Casino hall and 
chorus are models for all operetta theatres, and the stage setting is perfect. 

There are 623 seats on the floor, 172 in the balcony, and 210 in the gallery. 
The prices are from $1.50 to 50 cents, and there is a roof garden for the sum- 
mer, which will seat 800 people. 

Harrigan's Theatre, West Thirty-sixth Street and Sixth Avenue, is also 
a stock company house, with a permanent star in the person of Mr. Edward 
Harrigan, the proprietor. 

The plays given here are all descriptive of New York life in its lower 
strata. The New^ York Irishman, a very different type from the Irishman of 
Dublin or Cork ; the New York German, or " Dutchman," as he is popularly 
entitled, who also is about as like a Berliner or a Viennese as New York itself 
is like those cities. ''Much the same, only different." The New York 
tough, who is "native and to the manner born," and the New York nigger, 
a perfectly indigenous product, display all their eccentricities in this pretty 
and commodious theatre, illustrated and intensified by the characteristic 
music of Mr. Dave Braham, which combines the musical manners of all the 
nations of the earth, flavored with the New York timbre. 

The Madison Square Theatre, on West Twenty- fourth Street and Broad- 
way, has had a somewhat chequered career. First, a negro minstrel show ; 
then Kelly & Leon's negro burlesques ; next, John Brougham, the comedian 
and author, made an unsuccessful attempt to manage it, with his own dramas. 
Afterwards the proprietor, Mr. James Fisk, Jr., called it " The Fifth Avenue 
Theatre," and tried French opera bouffe. Augustin Daly then took hold, and 
successfully, giving to the New York public the greatest of American 
actresses — Clara Morris. 

Next it was burnt to the ground. 

Robert Palmer (Heller) then opened a little hall on the site, with necro- 
mancy and conjuring. 

The house was rebuilt in a charming style, and for some years was a 
model to dramatic workers. Here "Hazel Kirke," alias "The Iron Will," 



^ 



AMUSEMENTS. 127 

alias ''The Green Lanes of Eng-land," ran for two years, under the naanag-e- 
ment of Messrs. Mallory and Daniel Frohman, and many other " clean plays," 
as Mr. Mallory used to call them, delighted people of good taste. 

Mr. A. M. Palmer then took hold, and made it a classic theatre, with an 
almost perfect company. Now it is the home of farce comedy, under the 
control of Messrs. Ho^^t & Thomas. The stage here is double, and one act 
can be set while another is going on. The exquisite drop curtain, by Louis 
C. Tiffanj", is alone worth a visit. The prices are from 75 cents to $2. 

The combination theatres greatly -exceed the stock company houses in 
number. 

To begin with the theatres most "down town " : 

Niblo's Theatre, or Garden, as it used to be called, stands on the block 
between Prince and Houston Streets, and forms part of the Metropolitan 
Hotel. 

For many years this magnificent house has been renowned, for the produc- 
tion of spectacular and romantic dramas. Here the everlasting " Black 
Crook " flashed on the public, and New York was first astounded, then 
charmad, by visions of symmetrical limbs, dainty figures and glancing eyes, 
gleaming armor, rich costumes, what there was of them, and fascinating 
evolutions. 

It is now conducted on the popular price system, the admission ranging 
from 15 to 75 cents, and holds, even at these prices, $800. The sterling feature 
of this theatre now is the small but perfect band, under the direction of 
Anthonj" Reiff, who is, beyond doubt, the most capable and experienced con- 
ductor both of opera and drama in the metropolis. 

On the corner of Thirteenth Street and Broadway is the Star Theatre, 
which, as its name imports, is devoted to the reception of well-known actors 
and actresses who travel with their own companies. Mr. Crane plan's here a 
long season every year, and most stars of the first and second magnitude 
shine or scintillate here. 

The proprietor and manager is Mr. Theodore Moss, who began his 
theatrical career at Wallack's Theatre, corner of Broome Street and Broad- 
way, and followed the fortunes of the Wallack family till their close by the 
death of Lester Wallack. 

Palmer's Theatre, Broadway and West Thirtieth Street, was occupied by 
the Wallack Company and Mr. Henry E. Abbey till 18S8, and is now the 
headquarters of Mr. Palmer's company ; in the intervals of his season being 
rented as a combination theatre. The prices range from 50 cents to $1.50. 

A full list of the other combination theatres is given on Section 4 of the 
map of New York City, which accompanies this work. 

In addition to the regular theatres, there are a vast number of places of 
amusement in New York, at which concerts, lectures and various entertain- 
ments are given. Principal among them is the 

Carnegie Music Hall, Seventh Avenue and Fifty-Seventh Street, which 
was opened in May, 1891. This splendid building was presented to the public 
by Andrew Carnegie, the great iron-master, and has the finest concert hall 
in the city, as well as a smaller one, for charity concerts, rehearsals, etc. The 



128 AMUSEMENTS. 

concerts of the Symphony and Oratorio Societies, under the direction of Mr. 
Walter Damrosch, are given here. 

Chickering- Hall, Fifth Avenue and Eighteenth Street, is a spacious and 
convenient hall, at which concerts, lectures, etc., of the first class are given, 
in the season. 

The Eden Musee, West Twenty-third Street, is the "Toussaud" of New York. 
The wax works here displayed are life-like and magnificently costumed, and 
the Chamber of Horrors, situated in the crypt, is soul-shuddering. There 
are also musical and variety entertainments given in the main hall. 

Hardman Hall, Fifth Avenue and Nineteenth Street, is devoted to high 
class lectures and concerts, and is a commodious and spacious hall. 

Koster and Bial's, West Twenty-third Street, near Sixth Avenue, is on a 
plan between the London Music Hall and the French Cafe Chantant. Many 
of the most celebrated artists in the line of variety have appeared here, such 
as Carmencita, Vanoni, and the like. 

The Lenox L3^ceum, Madison Avenue and East Fift3^-ninth Street, is a 
favorite place for concerts, balls, receptions and amateur theatricals. Seidl 
and Thomas have given concerts here. 

Lexington Avenue Opera House, East Fifty-eighth Street and East 
Fifty- ninth Street, is much of the same class as the Lenox L3'ceum. 

The Atlantic Garden, Bowery, near Canal Street, is a genuine German 
Bier Halle, celebrated for music and lager beer. 

In addition to this there are manj' museums, such as Worth's, Sixth 
Avenue and Thirtieth Street ; Huber's, East Fourteenth Street ; and Doris's, 
Eighth Avenue, near Twenty- sixth Street. In these, curios, freaks of nature 
and variety shows are given at prices from 10 cents to 50 cents. 

The Madison Square Garden and Theatre, which occupies the block 
bounded b}^ Madison and Fourth Avenues, and East Twenty-sixth and Twent^^- 
seventh Streets, is built on the site formerly filled by the Harlem and New 
Haven railway depot. It was afterwards transformed into Gilmore's Garden, 
and then to Barnum's Hippodrome. 

Now it is a magnificent example of the Italian Renaissance style, with 
exquisitely beautiful colonnades, and a high tower of grand proportions, 
called "The Diana Tower," from a figure of the goddess Diana standing tip- 
toe and bending her shaft to the coming breeze. 

The interior consists of a theatre so admirable in proportions that sight 
and sound are both perfect, and so chaste in decoration that the stage effects 
are not dulled b^' the garishness of the auditorium, as is too often the case. 

A Grand Music Hall, in which orchestral concerts are given, and public 
meetings, exhibitions, etc., held, is a principal feature of the vast building, 
besides which there is a fine ball-room, a supper-room, and all necessary' 
accommodations. The fee to the tower is 25 cents, and the hours of admission 
are from 8 a. M. till 6 p. m. 

A spacious roof garden, in which variety concerts are given during the 
summer months, is a feature of this building. 

The house and all its belongings is managed b}- T. Henr^^ French, the 
well-known theatrical publisher. 



BAGGAGE INSPECTION.— BANKS. 129 

The Broadway Theatre, on Broadway and Forty-first Street, is a spacious 
and well-constructed house, richly and tastefully decorated. It is now under 
the management of Mr. T. Henry French, and gives room to combinations of 
the first class. Comic opera is frequently prepared here, and De Wolf Hop- 
per and Francis Wilson have played several successful seasons. 

The Bijou Theatre, on Broadway, near Thirty-first Street, under the con- 
trol of J. Wesley Rosenquest, is noted for its admirable setting- of the various 
farce comedies and burlesques which have been given here by combinations. 
''Adonis" ran for 600 nights, and " The Brass Monkey," "The City Direc- 
tory," and plays of that sort form the staple amusements at this house. 

The Empire Theatre, Broadway and Fortieth Street, under the manage- 
ment of Charles Frohman, is devoted mainly to plays of American 
authors, and is another of our stock theatres in which sterling dramas are 
produced and national subjects treated of. 

Mr. Frohman is one of our most liberal managers, and spares neither 
trouble nor expense in his productions. The prices are from 50 cents to $3. 

BAGGAGE INSPECTION. 

HE checking system used in this country is much superior to any origin- 
ated elsewhere. Before arriving in New York City, an express agent 
is sent through the trains for the purpose of taking orders for delivering 
the baggage of the passengers to any town address they may give, or to re- 
check luggage across to some other station, if one is soon to continue his 
journey. To the traveler who does not intend to take a carriage, or who has 
several trunks, this is always a safe and cheap opportunity. The stray dray- 
man to be picked up outside of the station in the street is often a most unre- 
liable person. The traveler should always insist upon a receipt being given in 
return for the check which the baggage agent must take to identify a trunk. 
But great care should be taken to keep the check in a safe place until given 
over to the baggage master, as it represents the luggage and causes much 
trouble when lost, the traveler in that case being obliged to identify his bag- 
gage by describing articles contained in the trunks. If one is in great haste, 
and has but one trunk or two small ones, a carriage may be engaged near 
any depot or ferry at a reasonable sum if one understands the rates. It is well 
to get a station official to see that the cabman is not overcharging. In 
leaving New York it is well to remember that trunks must be checked on the 
New York City side of the ferr3\ They are then put on the same train as 
their owners, or at least arrive at their destination at the same time. 

BANKS. 

^EW YORK has forty-eight National Banks and forty-five State Banks. 
The number of Savings and Private Banks it will be impossible to 
enumerate, but among the well-known Savings Banks may be men- 
tioned: The Union Dime Savings Bank, 54 West Thirty-second Street; The 
Seaman's Savings Bank, 74 Wall Street; The Manhattan Savings Institution, 
644 Broadway; The German Savings Bank, 100 East Fourteenth Street; The 



130 CHARITIES AND CORRECTION. 

Harlem Saving's Bank, 2281 Third Avenue ; Broadway Saving's In- 
stitution, 4 Park Place; Greenwich, 248 Sixth Avenue; Irving Bank, 
96 Warren Street; Bowery Savings Bank, 130 Bowery; Twelfth 
Ward Savings Bank, 217 West One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street; 
and Bank for Savings, G7 Bleecker Street. These are the banks 
that hold the wages of the working class. Here many a washer- 
woman's odd dimes are deposited in case of a "rainy day. " Among' the richest 
banks of New York, whose patrons are of a totally different class of people 
from those banking at the list of institutions mentioned above, could be men- 
tioned the American Exchange at 128 Broadway; Bank of the Republic, 2 
Wall Street; Bank of New York, 48 Wall Street; Bank of Commerce, 29 
Nassau Street; Mercantile Bank, 191 Broadway; Merchants' Bank, 42 Wall 
Street; United States, 41 Wall Street; Produce E.xchange, Produce Exchange 
Building ; Chemical Bank, 270 Broadway ; Bank of Manhattan Company, 40 
Wall Street; Bank of North America, 25 Nassau Street; Bank of America, 
46 Wall Street; Bank of the State of New York, 33 William Street; Broad- 
way Bank, 237 Broadway; Central, 320 Broadway; City Bank, 52 Wall 
Street; Chase, 15 Nassau Street; Hanover, 11 Nassau Street; Gallatin, 36 
Wall Street; Leather Manufacturers, 29 Wall Street; Phenix,49 Wall Street; 
Southern, 78 Wall Street; Western, 120 Broadway; Third, 26 Nassau Street; 
Park, 214 Broadway; Market and Fulton, 81 Fulton Street; Continental, 7 
Nassau Street; Fourth, 14 Nassau Street; Corn Exchange, 13 William Street; 
First, 2 Wall Street; Importers and Traders, 247 Broadway. 

The New York Trust companies, that represent so many millions of money, 
must be mentioned in connection with the banks. Prominent among them is 
the Mercantile Trust Company, 120 Broadway; The Atlantic Trust Company, 
39 William Street; The Fidelity Loan and Trust Company, 37 Wall Street; 
The Union Trust Company, 80 Broadway; The Farmers' Loan and Trust 
Company, 22 William Street; The Central Trust Company, 54 Wall Street; 
The United States Trust Company, 45 Wall Street; Knickerbocker Trust 
Company, 234 Fifth Avenue and 18 Wall Street; State Trust Company, 50 
Wall Street; Metropolitan Trust Company, 37 and 39 Wall Street. 

CHARITIES AND CORRECTION. 

-^T^HIS public department is under the jurisdiction of three salaried com- 
(w\ missioners. The workhouse, public hospitals, almshouses, insane 
asylums and penitentiary, are also under the same supervision. The 
poor sick are at liberty to apply to these commissioners in order to be sent to 
Bellevue Hospital. There is a country place belonging- to the department 
where imbeciles are allowed to work. 

The office of the Board of Charities and Correction is at Third Avenue 
and Eleventh Street. Any one wishing to visit the various asylums under 
this control can be given a permit at the above address. This permit will 
enable one to go through Bellevue Hospital, at the end of East Twenty-sixth 
Street ; and the Fordham Hospital, 2456 Valentine Avenue ; the Harlem 
Reception Hospital, 525 East One Hundred and Twentieth Stret ; and the 
Gouverneur Hospital, corner of Front Street, Gouverneur Slip. 



CHURCHES.— DIVINE SERVICES. 13 L 

Many building's, such as the Almshouse, the Maternity, Epileptic. Charity, 
and Paralytic Hospitals, the Blind Asylum, Home for Incurables, the Peni- 
tentiary, and Lunatic Asylum for Women, are all on Blackwell's Island. 
The ferry from East Twenty-sixth Street takes one to this place of refuge for 
so many suffering souls. 

The Homoeopathic Hospital, for either men or women, is on Ward's 
Island. 

The Children's Hospital and the Infants' Hospital are on Randall's 
Island. 

The Workhouse, Cit^^ Insane Asylum and Cit}' Cemetery' are on 
Hart's Island. 

On North Brother Island may be found the Riverside Hospital for Con- 
tagious Diseases. The temporar^'^ reception place for all those suflfering* from 
contagious diseases is at the foot of East Sixteenth Street. 

The New York Morgue is located on the grounds of Bellevue Hospital. 
The dead are kept here for three days. 



CHURCHES. 



DIVINE SERVICES. 

OME of the most valuable church property in the world lies in New York 
City. One cannot fail to be struck w4th this fact in passing up Mad- 
ison Avenue, Fifth Avenue, and m3buy other thoroughfares. 

One of the most interesting- churches in New York is old Trinity; almost 
perfect in its style of architecture, it is a landmark about which manj^ hallowed 
and historical facts cluster. The original church was destroyed in 1776, bemg 
burned by the British when they took possession of the town. It was rebuilt 
twice, the last time in 1846, the material being brown sand stone; the design 
is Gothic. The spire is some 284 feet high, and beautifully shaped. It is, 
saving one church, the Dutch Reformed, the oldest in town. A fashionable 
church to old New Yorkers, it has but small room for new comers, althoug-h 
many pew owners allow visitors to sit in their seats. Some of the best blooded 
and oldest families worship within its walls. 

There are seven auxiliary churches attached to Trinity Parish, and 
among these are St. John's Chapel, Varick Street; Trinity Chapel, West 
Twenty-fifth Street; St. Paul's Chapel, Broadway and Fulton Street; and 
St. Agnes' Chapel, West Ninety-second Street. 

Trinity Church is surrounded by a beautiful and solemn graveyard, 
shaded by umbrageous trees and enriched by many monuments erected to the 
great and good of past years ; for of late, intramural interments have been 
discontinued. 

This "God's acre" makes a very beautiful and characteristic adornment to 
the lower part of the city, and the view from Wall Street, of the church and 
its surroundings, is most impressive, especially when seen hy the chaste lig"ht 



132 CHURCHES.— DIVINE SERVICES. 

of the moon, for of Trinity Church, as of Melrose Abbey, it may well be said: 
" If thou wouldst see Melrose (Trinity) aright, 
Go visit it b^^ the pale moonlight." 

The churchyard contains some highly interesting tombs and monuments, 
among which are worthy of notice the graves of Charlotte Temple; of 
William Bradford, who published the first newspaper in New York — The 
Neic York Gazette — little dreaming of the fruitful progeny that would 
spring from his puny bantling; of Albert Gallatin, one of the first Secretaries 
of the Treasury; of Lord Stirling, who, although a nobleman, lent his aid to 
the cause of Democracy in the army of the Revolution, 

There is also a mausoleum erected in remembrance of Captain Lawrence 
and Lieutenant Ludlow,of the frigate "Chesapeake," who was killed in the fight 
with the British frigate " Shannon," one of the very few naval engagements 
in which the revolted colonists were worsted. A memorial cross, after the 
fashion of the many crosses erected by King Edward I., in memory of his 
Queen Eleanor, and dedicated to the soldiers who died on board the prison 
ship and elsewhere in New York at the time of the Revolution, and also, if 
report said sooth, to block the extension of Wall Street, which at the time was 
contemplated by the corporation, and which would have cut through Trinity 
Churchyard. Robert Fulton, the American inventor of marine propulsion by 
steam, and many others of note, sleep here, under the shadow of the lordly 
elms. 

St. Paul's Chapel, Broadway and Vesey Street, was built in 1766, and 
is remarkable for having its tower at the western end. The style is Georgian 
Romanesque, and is not impressive. 

In the rear wall, on Broadway, is a tablet in memory of General Richard 
Montgomery, the hero of Quebec. 

There also are monuments to Thomas Addis Emmet, the Irisli patriot, 
and George Frederic Cooke, the tragedian, whose monument has been twice 
restored, once by Charles Kean, and next by Edward Askew Sothern. The 
churchyard is a quiet, peaceful garden, fit for contemplation and religious 
thought. 

A great change has taken place in the music of the Episcopal Church of 
late years. 

Forty years ago a vested choir would have been looked upon as an inven- 
tion of the adversar}^ ; and now most churches have a full choir of surpliced 
or vested boys and men, frequentlj'^ reinforced by women, but all, without 
regard to sex, dressed in ecclesiastical garments, and in some churches the 
women wearing the biretta. 

In truth, the music is vastly improved by this evolution, for the old-time 
quartet choir was '' a weak invention of the enemy."' 

The Trinity Parish Choir is merely surpliced, but many of the High 
Church ones are fully vested in cassock and gown. 

St. Patrick's Cathedral is the largest and most imposing Roman 
Catholic Church in the city. It is built in Gothic style, of white marble with a 
granite base. The building was designed by Renwick. 

It has many beautiful stained-glass windows done by foreign artists. In 



CHURCHES.— DIVINE SEEVICES. 133 

Madison Avenue its bishop's house stands, and also homes for other church 
dig-nitaries. St. Patrick's Choir is under the direction of Professor AVilliam 
Pecher ; he has at his service a choir of fifty, with a chancel choir of sixty. 
This church stands on Fifth Avenue, on the corner of Fiftieth Street, and it is 
one that no visitor can afford to miss seeing, no matter of what denomina- 
tion they be. 

St. Francis Xavier is another large and very beautiful Roman Catholic 
Church. It stands in West Sixteenth Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. 

The inside of the church is thought by many to be in much better taste, 
and at the same time much more handsome, than the interior of St, Patrick's 
Cathedral. Adjoining this large granite house of prayer is its college and 
also its priests' house. These buildings form a most picturesque part of 
the block. 

St. Francis Xavier is noted for its fine male voices ; the Greccrian 
masses and music are, indeed, worth coming from any distance to hear, as 
g-iven at this church. Mr. Oscar Bruno Klein is the organist and director of 
the choir. 

Another Catholic Church, but one where both men and women's voices 
are employed, is the Church of 

St. Agnes' (Roman Catholic).— This stands in Forty-second Street. This 
church is also celebrated for its music. It is not a handsome building, as seen 
from the street. 

St. Agnes' Chapel, a church in West Ninety-second Street, that 
has a very fine choir of boys' voices, of whom Mr. Edward Stubbs has 
charg-e. Being one of the branch churches springing from old Trinity, this 
is a fashionable and well-attended chapel. 

One of the most interesting' churches in New York is St. Mark's Episco- 
pal, Tenth Street and Second Avenue. The first building was put up under 
the auspices of Pieter Van Stuyvesant, the last Dutch Governor of Nieuw 
Amsterdam, the precursor of New York. The present church was erected in 
1826, and was then in the fields. It was from the vaults of St. Mark's that 
the body of A. T. Stewart, the great dry-goods merchant, was taken some 
years ag"o. 

The rector is the Rev. Mr. Rylance ; the organist, Mr. Mulligan ; and the 
well-known tenor, Mr. H. Pepper, is a member of the quartet choir. 

The Church of the Transfiguration, East Twenty-ninth Street, near 
Fifth Avenue, is a very interesting edifice. It is of the low Gothic style, 
surrounded by a quiet churchyard, bowered by trees and creeping vines, and 
is the special place of worship of the dramatic profession— who are buried 
and married here. This preference is due to a romantic happening on the 
death of George Holland, the comedian. 

Mr. Joseph Jefferson requested the rector of a fashionable church on 
Madison Avenue to read the burial service, but the proud parson refused 
to have anything to do with the interment of a "rogue and vagabond," as the 
Puritans of old and the bigots of the present day count an actor to be—but 
added, as an afterthought: "There is a little church around the corner 
where they do that sort of thing." 



134 CHURCHES —DIVINE SERVICES. 

*' Then God bless the little church around the corner,'' cried Jefferson; 
and the name stuck. 

The following- is a list of the pi-incipal churches in New York : 

Protestant Episcopal. — All Angels, West End Avenue and Eig-hty- 
first Street; All Souls', Madison Avenue and Sixty-sixth Street; Ascension, 
Fifth Avenue and Tenth Street ; Beloved Disciple, Madison Avenue and 
Eighty-ninth Street ; Calvary, Fourth Avenue and Twenty-first Street ; 
Church of the Holy Communion, Sixth Avenue, corner Twentieth Street; 
Grace, Broadway, near Tenth Street ; Heavenly Rest, 551 Fifth Avenue, 
near Forty-fifth Street; Holy Trinity, Madison Avenue and Forty-second 
Street; Holy Trinity, Harlem, Lenox Avenue, corner One Hundred and 
Twenty-second Street; St. Andrew's, Fifth Avenue and One Hundred and 
Twenty-seventh Street; St. Ann's, 7 West Eighteenth Street; St. Augus- 
tine's Chapel, 105 East Houston Street, between Bowery and Second Avenue; 
St. Bartholomew's, Madison Avenue and Forty-fourth Street; St. George's, 
Stuyvesant Square and East Sixteenth Street; St. James', Madison Avenue 
and Seventy-first Street; St. Michael's, Amsterdam Avenue and Ninety- 
ninth Street ; St. Paul's Chapel, Trinity Parish, Broadway and Fulton 
Street ; St. Thomas, Fifth Avenue and Fiftj^-third Street ; Transfiguration, 5 
East Twenty-ninth Street ; Trinity, Broadway, opposite Wall Street. 

Roman Catholic. — St. Patrick's Cathedral, Fifth Avenue and Fifty-first 
Street ; St. Gabriel's, Thirty-seventh Street, between First and Second 
Avenues; St. Leo's, 11 East Twenty-eighth Street; St. Francis Xavier, 36 
West Sixteenth Street; St. Paul the Apostle, Ninth Avenue and Sixtieth 
Street ; Church of the Sacred Heart, 459 West Fifty-first Street ; St. Peter's, 
Barclay and Church Streets ; St. Vincent Ferrer's, Lexington Avenue and 
Sixty-sixth Street; St. Bridget's, 131 Avenue B, corner Eighth Street; 
Church of the Holy Cross, 311 West Forty-second Street ; St. Stephen's, 149 
East Twenty eighth Street; The Church of the Immaculate Conception. 505 
East Fourteenth Street; and the Church of the Guardian Angels, 51 West 
Twenty-third Street. 

Hebrew^. — Ahawath Chesed, Lexington Avenue and Fifty-fifth Street; 
Beth El, Fifth Avenue and Seventy-sixth Street; Beth-Israel Bikur Cholim, 
Seventy-second Street and Lexington Avenue; Beth-Hamedrash Hogodal, 54 
Norfolk Street; B'Nai Jeshurun, Madison Avenue and Sixty-fifth Stieet; 
Shaaray Tefilla, 127 West Forty-fourth Street ; Shearith Israel, 5 West 
Nineteenth Street ; Temple Emanu-El, Fifth Avenue and Forty-third Street ; 
Temple Israel of Harlem, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street and Fifth 
Avenue. 

Presbyterian. — Brick Church, Fifth Avenue and Thirty-seventh Street ; 
Central, 220 West Fift3^-seventh Street; Church of the Covenant, Park 
Avenue and Thirty-fifth Street ; Fifth Avenue, Fifth Avenue, corner 
Fifty-fifth Street; First, Fifth Avenue and Eleventh Street; First 
Union, 147 East Eighty-sixth Street; Harlem, 43 East One Hun- 
dred and Twenty-tifth Street ; Madison Avenue, 506 Madison Avenue ; 
Madison Square, Madison Square and Twenty- fourth Street ; Park, 
Eighty-sixth Street and Amsterdam Avenue ; Phillips, Seventy-third Street,. 



CHURCHES.— DIVINE SERVICES. 135 

corner Madison Avenue; Rutgers, Riverside, Seventy-third Street, corner 
Boulevard ; Scotch, 63 West Fourteenth Street; Union Tabernacle, 139 West 
Thirty-fifth Street ; University Place, Universitj' Place, corner Tenth Street ; 
West, 31 West Forty-second Street ; West End, One Hundred and Fifth 
Street and Amsterdam Avenue ; Westminster Church of West Twenty-third 
Street, 210 West Twenty-third Street. 

Lutheran. — Evangelical Church of the Holy Trinity, 47 West Twenty- 
first Street ; St. James' Evangelical, 900 Madison Avenue ; St. Luke's Ger- 
man Evangelical, 233 West Forty-second Street ; St. Mark's Evangelical, 327 
Sixth Avenue ; St. Peter's German Evangelical, Lexington Avenue, corner 
Fort3'-sixth Street. 

Methodist Episcopal. — Calvary, Seventh Avenue and One Hundred and 
Twenty-ninth Street; Hedding, 337 East Seventeenth Street; Madison 
Avenue, Madison Avenue and Sixtieth Street ; St. Andrew's, Seventy-sixth 
Street, near Columbus Avenue ; Trinity, 323 East Eighteenth Street ; St. 
James', Madison, corner One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Street; St. John's, 
231 West Fifty- third Street. 

African Methodist Episcopal. — Bethel, 216 Sullivan Street. 

Reformed Dutch. — Bloomingdale, Boulevard, corner Sixty-ninth Street; 
Collegiate, Fifth Avenue and Twenty-ninth Street ; Collegiate, Fifth Avenue 
and Forty-eighth Street ; Collegiate, 191 East One Hundred and Twenty-first 
Street, near Third Avenue ; Madison Avenue, Madison Avenue and Fifty- 
seventh Street; South, southeast corner Madison Avenue and Thirty- eighth 
Street; Thirty-fourth Street, 307 West Thirty-fourth Street. 

Reformed Presbyterian. — Second, 229 West Thirty-ninth Street. 

Baptist. — Amity, 310 West Fifty-fourth Street; Calvary, Fifty-seventh 
Street, east of Seventh Avenue; Church of the Epiphany, Sixty-fourth Street 
and Madison Avenue ; Fifth Avenue, 6 West Forty-sixth Street ; First, 
Boulevard and Seventy ninth Street ; Grace, 111 East Ninety-second Street; 
Madison Avenue, Madison Avenue and Thirty-first Street; Memorial, 
Washington Square South, corner Thompson Street ; Mount Morris, Fifth 
Avenue, near One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Street ; The Tabernacle, Second 
Avenue and Tenth Street; Twenty-third Street, Association Hall, Fourth 
Avenue and Twenty-third Street. 

Congregational. — Broadway Tabernacle, Sixth Avenue and Thirty- 
fourth Street; Central, 309 West Fifty seventh Street; Pilgrim Church of 
New York, Madison Avenue and One Hundred and Twenty-first Street; 
Trinity, Tremont, Washington Avenue and One Hundred and Seventy-sixth 
Street. 

Disciples of Christ. — Church of Disciples of Christ, 323 West Fifty- 
sixth Street. 

Friends.— East Fifteenth, 5 East Fifteenth Street, corner Rutherford 
Place. 

Miscellaneous Churches. — Catholic Apostolic, 417 West Fifty-seventh 
Street ; Church of the Strangers, 299 Mercer Street, near Eighth Street ; First 
Reformed Episcopal, Madison Avenue and Fifty- fifth Street; Greek Church 
of New York (in Swedish Evangelical Church), 340 West Forty-third Street; 



136 ELEVATED RAILROADS.— EXPRESS SERVICE. 

Hebrew Christian Church, 17 St. Mark's Place, East Eighth Street; Mission 
Chapel of Divine Providence (Swedenborgian), 356 West Forty-fourth Street; 
Salvation Army, 111 Reade Street. 

ELEVATED RAILROADS. 

The Manhattan Elevated Railroad Company has entire charge of all the 
elevated lines in New York. There are four separate roads — the Second 
Avenue, Third Avenue, Sixth Avenue, and Ninth Avenue. 

The stranger must bear in mind that no tickets are collected on the train, 
as on the surface car, but must be bought in the office and dropped in the 
receiver at the gate. Waiting rooms and toilet rooms are provided at the 
stations for the use of the passengers. An enormous business is done on 
these mid-air roads. To the business man they are an imperative necessity. 
For stations marked # see map of tlie City of New York. 

EXPRESS SERVICE. 

-^^ HE principal express companies have established so manj^ branch offices 
^) that one always lies within easy walking distance from an3^ part of the 
city. 

Added to these, there are many small express wagons that stand at cor- 
ners when idle, and frequently they will take a package much cheaper than a 
well known company. However, it is much better to go direct to a reliable 
firm. 

Among the prominent foreign express offices are: 

Wells Fargo — 63 Broadway; 10 Clinton Place; 957 Broadway, etc. 

Baldwin's American-European, 53 Broadway. 

American Express — 65 Broadwa^^; Forty-seventh Street and Madison 
Avenue; 121 East One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street; 940 Broadway; 
Eighth Avenue and Fifty-third Street; 15 East Fourteenth Street. 

The continental offices are: 

American — 940, 715, 785 and 65 Broadway; Madison Avenue and Forty- 
seventh Street; Eighth Avenue and Fifty-third Street; 121 East One Hundred 
and Twenty-fifth Street; 237 West One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street. 

Adams— 40 East Forty-second Street; 59 Broadway; 684 Broadway; 
Lexington Avenue and Forty-eighth Street; 12 West Twenty-third Street. 

New York and Boston Dispatch — 45 Church Street; 940 Broadway; 304 
Canal Street. 

National— Forty-seventh Street and Madison Avenue; 145 Broadway; 
950 Broadway; 785 Broadway; the foot of West Forty-second Street. 

Wells Fargo— 10 Clinton Place; foot of West Twenty-third Street; also 
foot of Chambers Street; 957 Broadway, 63 and 317 Broadway. 

The United States Express offices may be found at 49 Broadway; at 
946 Broadway, and at 1313 and 683 Broadway; at 875 Sixth Avenue; 72 West 
One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street; 243 Third Avenue. 

The local companies are: 

Westcott— 53 West One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street; 1159 Ninth 



FINE ARTS. 137 

Avenue; the foot of Barclaj^ Street; 12 Park Place; foot of West Forty-second 
Street; foot of Christopher Street; foot of Jaj^ Street; 785 Broadway; 942 
Broadway; Grand Central Depot. 

Dodd's Express— called the New York Transfer Company— is to be found 
on the corner of Sixth Avenue and Forty-second Street; foot of Desbrosses 
Street; 944 Broadway; 1323 Broadway; foot of Liberty Street; 241 West 
Twenty-eighth Street; 132 East One Hundred and Twenty- fifth Street; 264 
West One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street; corner Ninth Avenue and 
Seventy-second Street. 

Long Island— foot of East Thirty-fourth Street. 

If one wishes to express money, it can be done at any of the Continental 
Express Companies. For orders for any part of the United States, a com- 
mission of five cents is charged for $5.00, and so on at this rate up. 

FINE ARTS. 

New York has given some eminent artists to the world since Washing- 
ton Allston painted his chromatic picture of " Uriel in the Sun," in the days 
of our great grandfathers. 

The names of Copley, Trumbull, Cole, Peale, and others, will occur to 
the minds of every one interested in the art pictorial, while that of Ward 
stands forth in sculpture as equal to the masters of the Old World. 

As for the American artists who reside abroad, their name is legion, but 
with them we are not at present concerned, save as their works appear in our 
exhibitions. 

The Society of American Artists and the Academy of Design, are, per- 
haps, the chief places in which the best examples of native work may be seen. 
The Academy, which has its abiding place in the imitation of the palace of 
the Doge of Venice, at Fourth Avenue and Twenty-third Street, was founded 
in 1828, and is the oldest in New York, and the oldest but one in the United 
States, that elder being the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, in Phila- 
delphia. 

This institution gives two exhibitions every year, of which that held in 
the spring is the chief. There are two grades of rank — academicians and 
associates, of which the first numbers one hundred, and the second fifty, besides 
a crowd of postulants, who have opportunities of study, and various induce- 
ments in the way of prizes and medals. 

The Society of American Artists was established in 1871, is situated 
in West Fifty-seventh Street, and is representative of the French salon, even 
as is the Academy of the Royal Academy of London. 

This equal balancing of schools is very characteristic of the cosmopolitan 
character of New York, which is truly of no nation, and yet of all. 

Sculpture is by no means so important a factor as its sister art, Painting, 
and, sooth to say, the statues to be seen in public places do not redound 
greatly to the credit of that branch of art, which lives to flourish but among 
the Latin races, and to degenerate among practical Anglo-Saxons and their 
compatriots. 

The American Water Color Society exhibits in February at the Academy 



138 FINE ARTS.- FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

of Design palace. This society was formed in 1867, and has seventy-six 
resident and thirty-eight non-resident members. 

The artists in water colors — whether in aquarelles or gauches — stand very 
high in the world of art, ranking beyond those of London, and with those of 
Paris. 

In friendly brotherhood is the New York Etching Club, which has thirty 
resident and fifteen non-resident members, and has turned out some very admir- 
able work, although of late rudely assaulted b}^ the novel process of photo- 
gravure and such like " mere mechanical fellows," which produce, at a low 
price, the effect desired with accuracy and certainty. 

There are also the New York Water Color Club, which began exhibiting 
in 1890, and Society of Painters in Pastel. 

The American Art Association, No. 6 East Twenty-third Street, gives 
exhibitions of native painting, prizes, and special views of celebrated smgle 
pictures, such as " The Angelus." 

In addition to these are many proprietary exhibitors such as Knoedler & 
Company, at Fifth Avenue and Twenty second Street ; Boussod Valadon & 
Company, Blakeslee & Company, S. P. Avery, Jr., L. Crist Delmonico, 
Reichard & Company, Montross, Durand Ruel, Cottier & Co., 144 Fifth 
Avenue. 

Studio buildings are plenty and commodious. Nos. 51 to 55 West Tenth 
Street is well known as an artistic hive, as also is the University and Benedick 
on East Washington Square. 

The Young Men's Christian Association, opposite the Academy of Design 
in West Twenty-third Street, near Fourth Avenue ; and No. 3 Washington 
Square, North, are also snug rests for artists ; and in West Fifty-fifth Street 
there is a perfect colony, extending from No. 106 to No. 146. 

Noted mural painters are John La Farge, George W. Maynard, Francis 
Lathrop,also a maker of mosaics; Thomas W. Dewing, Kenyon Cox, Walter 
Shirlaw, and Richard Newton, Jr. Fashionable portrait painters include 
Benjamin C. Porter, John Sargent, Wyatt Eaton, Harper Pennington, East- 
man Johnson, George B. Butler, Carroll Beckwith, Rice, Hardy, Chase, 
Daniel Huntington, Thomas W. Wood, H. A. Loop. Among landscapists 
are George Innes, Albert P. Ryder, John La Farge, Homer D. Martin, 
Theodore Robinson, Frederick Church, Melville Dewey, Robert Mmer, D wight 
Try on, Robert Reid and John Johnson. Religious painting for churches is 
produced by John La Farge, Richard Creifeld, Mrs. Ella Condie Lamb, and 
Frederick Crowninshield. Historical pictures by M. F. H, de Haas, Thomas 
Hovenden, Gilbert Gaul, Frank D. Millet, J. O. Davidson, Julian Scott, 
Winslow Homer, and others. 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
^HE staff of the Fire Department consists of one chief, two deputy 
chiefs, twelve chiefs of battalions, fifty-seven foremen of engine com- 
panies, seventy-nine assistant foremen, twenty-two foremen of hook 
and ladder companies, and 900 firemen. This department has in charge the 
safety of public places, such as theatres, museums, concert halls, etc. ; also. 



FOREIGN CONSULS.— HOTELS, LOCATIONS AND RATES. 139 

control over any combustible matter. It has an enormous appropriation, and 
is kept up to a perfect condition. The department is one of the finest in 
America. 

The " Fire Laddies," as the members of the department are affectionately 
called, are dear to the hearts of every New Yorker and Brooklynite, the fire 
service of which city is modeled after that of its elder sister. 

In days of yore the Volunteer Fire Department, althoug-h gallant and 
brave as their descendants of to-day, were g-iven to rioting-, and conduced in 
a great measure to the rowdiness of the two cities. But the present force is 
•eminently steady, respectable, and well drilled, and the neat uniform of blue 
and silver is a badge of good conduct and worthy citizenship. We are, one 
and all, proud and fond of our gallant fighters of fire. 

FOREIGN CONSULS. 

"I~70REIGNERS from almost any part of the world can find the represent- 
r% atives of their country in New York City. For the benefit of those 
\ seeking officials from other lands, a list is appended to show where these 
-consuls may be found : The Minister from Greece, 115 Pearl Street ; Minister 
from Hayti, 101 Pearl Street ; from France, 4 Bowling Green ; from Bolivia, 
12G Liberty Street; from Chili, 15 Cortlandt Street ; Belgium, 329 Broadway ; 
Argentine Republic, 60 Wall Street; Great Britain, 24 State Street; Costa 
Rica, 76 Broad Street; Dominican Republic, 31 Broadway; China, 26 West 
Niuth Street ; Brazil, 22 State Street ; Colombia, 24 State Street ; Denmark, 
•69 Wall Street; Ecuador, 51 Liberty Street; Austria-Hungary^ 33 Broad- 
"way ; Hawaiian Islands, 51 Leonard Street; Guatemala, 102 Front Street; 
German Empire, 2 Bowling Green; Venezuela, 118 Broadway; Turke\', 132 
Broadway ; Uruguay, 142 Pearl Street ; Sweden, 41 Broad Street ; Persia, 
15 Broad Street; Spain, 30 Broad waj^ ; Switzerland, 89 Beaver Street; Por- 
tugal, 102 Broad Street; Orange Free State, 80 Beaver Street; Norway, 41 
Broad Street; Liberia, 19 William Street; Japan, 7 Warren Street; Hon- 
'duras, 102 Front Street; Italy, 24 State Street; Korea, 69 Wall Street; 
Mexico, 35 Broadway; Netherlands, 17 William Street; Monaco, 4 Bowling 
■Green ; Nicaragua, 76 Beaver Street; Peru, 19 Whitehall Street; Russia, 59 
■Clinton Place ; Salvador, 102 Chambers Street. 

HOTELS, LOCATIONS AND RATES. 

The Hoflman House, at 1111 Broadwaj^, is one of the most elegant and 
satisfactory hotels in the cit^'. Its cuisine is also absolutely unsurpassed. 
The works of art contained in its bar-room are a constant source of pleasure 
-to the tourist. The private rooms, where a dinner for four or more can be 
served, are beautifully fitted out, and cannot fail to delight the eye. The 
hotel is on the European plan. 

To the foreign traveler the Hotel Martin will prove most satisfactory. 
This is a French hotel, and although not furnished in the sumptuous style of 
-the Hoffman, the Metropole, Imperial, and others, has a thoroughly good cafe, 
where the lovers of French cooking will find many dainties, procured directly 



140 HOTELS, LOCATIONS AND RATES. 

off the French steamers, and at the service of the guest who knows how to 
order well. This hotel is situated at 17 University Place. 

Hotel Logerot possesses a novelty belonging to no other American hotel 
— a beautiful enclosed garden back of the building, that stretches its way 
through a large piece of ground ; this little flower land is just finished ; it 
will blossom all the winter and summer for the benefit of the guests. When 
the coals are being piled up high in the grates, the Hotel Logerot's guests 
have but to retreat to this enormous conservatory to fancy the springtime 
has come. Situated on Fifth Avenue, in a convenient location for the Broad- 
way shopst, his new hotel cannot but be well patronized by town as well as 
out-of-town lodgers. 

The Brevoort House has the peculiarity of being the headquarters of 
British tourists of the higher class. The " swells " all go there, and, indeed, 
the solid comfort and aristocratic quiet have much in common with the 
domestic style of the old-fashioned London hotels, such as Limmer's and 
Long's. 

The following list, arranged in alphabetical order, gives the addresses of 
the New York hotels on the European plan — that is, meals charged separately 
from the room — making the prices named simply inclusive of room rent, are 
the 

Astor House, Broadway and Vesey Street, $1.00. 

Albermarle, 1105 Broadwaj', $2.50. 

Aberdeen, 917 Broadway, $1.00. 

Brevoort House, 11 Fifth Avenue, $2.00. 

Bancroft House, 15 East Twenty-first Street, 50 cents. 

Brower House, 24 West Twenty-eighth Street, $1.00. 

Barrett House, West Forty-third Street and Broadway, $1.00. 

Buckingham, Fifth Avenue, corner East Fiftieth Street, $1.00. 

Continental, Twentieth Street and Broadway, $1.00. 

Coleman House, 1168 Broadwa}', $1.00. 

Cosmopolitan, West Broadway and Chambers Street, $1.00. 

Everett House, Seventeenth Street and Fourth Avenue, $1.50. 

Everett Hotel, 104 Vesey Street, 50 cents. 

Gedney House, West Fortieth Street and Broadway, $1.00. 

Gilsey House, Twenty-ninth Street and Broadway, $2.00. 

Grand Union, Park Avenue and Forty-second Street, $1.00. 

Hoffman House, 1111 Broadway, $2.00. 

Hotel Bartholdi, Broadway and Twenty-third Street, $2.00. 

Hotel de Logerot, 126 Fifth Avenue, $4.00— $5.00. 

Hotel Imperial, Broadwa3'^ and Thirty-second Street, $2.00. 

Hotel Devonshire, 30 East Forty-second Street, $1.00. 

Hotel Lincoln, 1673 Broadway, $1.00. 

Hotel Normandie, Thirty-eighth Street and Broadway, $2.00. 

Hotel Martin, 17 University Place, $1.25. 

Hotel Wellington, 19 East Forty-second Street, $1.00. 

Hotel Winthrop, 31 West Fourth Street, $1.50. 

Hotel Metropole, Forty-first Street and Broadway, $1.50. 



HOTELS. LOCATIONS AND RATES. Ill 

Holland House, Fifth Avenue and Thirtieth Street, $2.50. 

Hotel Kensington, 75 Fifth Avenue, $150. 

Hotel St. George, 49 East Twelfth Street, $1.00. 

Hotel St. Stephens, 52 East Eleventh Street, $1.00. 

Leggett's Hotel, 76 Park Row, 75 cents. 

Morton House, Broadway and Fourteenth Street, $1.00. 

Metropolitan, 584 Broadway, $1.00. 

Oriental Hotel, Thirty- ninth Street and Broadway, $1.00. 

Putnam House, 369 Fourth Avenue, 50 cents. 

Parker House, 1301 Broadway, $2.00. 

Revere House, 606 Broadway, 50 cents. 

St. James Hotel, 1133 Broadway, $2.00. 

St. Denis Hotel, Eleventh Street and Broadway, $1.50. 

Sinclair House, 752 Broadway, $1.00. 

Sweeney's, 106 Park Row, 75 cents. 

Tremont, 665 Broadway, $1.00. 

Union Square Hotel, 18 Union Square, $1.00. 

Those on the American Plan, that is, where the rate for the day include 
"meals as well as the room. The prices named are the smallest that will cover 
both : 

Berkley, 20 Fifth Avenue, $4.00. 

Cauda House, 17 Lafayette Place, $1.50. 

Fifth Avenue, Fifth Avenue and Twenty-third Street, $5.00. 

Hotel Bristol, Fifth Avenue and Forty-second Street, $6.00. 

Hotel Lenox, 72 Fifth Avenue, $2.00. 

Miller's Hotel, 37 West Twenty-sixth, $2.50. 

San Marco, 21 West Thirty-second, $2.00. 

Sherwood House, Fifth Avenue and Forty-fourth Street, $5.00. 

Westminster, 119 East Sixteenth Street, $3.50. 

Windsor, Fifth Avenue and Forty-sixth Street, $5.00. 
The following list of hotels are on both the European and American plan : 

Hotel Brunswick, Fifth Avenue and Twenty-sixth Street. 

Hotel Marlborough, Broadway and Thirty-sixth Street. 

Hotel Vendome, Broadway and Fortj'^-first Street. 

Hotel Espanole Hispano- Americano, 116 West Fourteenth Street. 

Hotel Hungaria, Fourteenth Street and Union Square. 

Hotel St. Marc, Fifth Avenue and Thirty-ninth Street. 

Hotel Waldorf, Fifth Avenue and Thirty-third Street. 

Hotel Clarendon, Fourth Avenue and Eighteenth Street. 

Belvedere, Eighteenth Street and Fourth Avenue. 

Murray Hill Hotel, Forty-first Street and Park Avenue. 

Park Avenue Hotel, Park Avenue and Thirty-second Street. 

Plaza, Fifth Avenue and Fifty ninth Street. 

The Gerlach, 55 West Twenty seventh Street. 

Victoria, 4 West Twenty-seventh Street. 

Sturtevant House, 1186 Broadway. 



142 HEALTH DEPARTMENT -HACK AND CAB REGULATIONS. 

HEALTH DEPARTMENT. 

'^I^HE Health Department Headquarters are situated in Mulberry Streets 
(w) This department is manag-ed by four commissioners, and it is their 
duty not only to look after the disease already begun, but to prevent its 
further spreading. One of the commissioners is always an experienced 
physician, and he has absolute authority in ordering- the quarantine of any 
household where an infectious disease has taken effect, or whose inmates have 
been exposed to contagion. This is one of the most important public depart- 
ments of New York Cit3^ 



HACK AND CAB REGULATIONS. 



The price or rates of fare to be asked or demanded by the owners or 
drivers of hackney coaches or cabs shall be as follows : 

CABS. 

1. For conveying one or more persons anj' distance, suras not exceeding 
the following amount : Fifty cents for the first mile or part thereof ; and each 
additional half mile or part thereof, twenty-five cents. By distance, for 
" stops " of over five minutes and not exceeding fifteen minutes, twenty-five 
cents. For longer stops, the rate will be twenty-five cents for every fifteen 
minutes or fraction thereof, if more than five minutes. For a brief stop, not 
exceeding five minutes in a single trip, there will be no charge. 

2. For the use of a cab by the hour, with the privilege of going from 
place to place and stopping as often and as long as may be required, one 
dollar for the first hour or part thereof, and for each succeeding half hour or 
part thereof, fifty cents. 

COACHES. 

3. For conveying one or more persons any distance, sums not exceeding 
the following amounts : One dollar for the first mile or part thereof ; and each 
additional half mile or part thereof, forty cents. B}^ distance for " stops " of 
over five minutes and not exceeding fifteen minutes, thirty-eight cents. For 
longer stops the rate will be thirt^^-eight cents for every fifteen minutes. For 
a brief stop, not exceeding five minutes in a single trip, there will be no- 
charge. 

4. For the use of a coach by the hour, with privilege of going from place 
to place and stopping as often and as long as may be required, one dollar and 
fifty cents for the first hour or part thereof, and for each succeeding half hour 
or part therof, seventy-five cents. 

5. No cab or coach shall be driven by the time rate at a pace less than 
five miles an hour. 



HACK AND CAB REGULATIONS. 143 

6. From "line balls," one or two passengers to any point south of Fifty- 
ninth Street, two dollars ; each additional passenger, fift^^ cents north of 
Fifty-ninth Street, each additional mile shall be charged for at a rate not to 
exceed fifty cents per mile. 

7. Every owner or driver of any hackney coach or cab shall carry on his 
coach or cab one piece of bag-gage, not to exceed fifty pounds in weight with- 
out extra charge; but for any additional baggage he may carr}^, he shall be 
entitled to extra compensation at the rate of twenty-five cents per piece. 

Sec. 91. All disputes, as to prices or distance, shall be settled by the Ma3^or 
or such other person as he may designate. 

Sec. 92. In all cases where the hiring of a hackney coach or cab is not at 
the time thereof specified to be by the hour, it shall be deemed to be by the 
mile ; and for any detention exceeding fifteen minutes, when so working by 
the mile, the owner or driver may demand at the rate of one dollar per hour. 

Sec. 98. Each and every licensed hackney coach or cab shall be provided 
with a suitable lamp on each side, and across the middle of the outside of each, 
such lamp shall have a metal band not less than two inches in width, out 
of which the number of the license shall have been cut after the manner of a 
stencil plate, the component figures of such numbers to be not less than one 
and one-half inches in height, and the style of the whole to be approved by 
the Mayor, or the Mayor's Marshal, And each and every such coach or cab 
shall also have the number of the license in raised metal figures not less than 
one and one-half inches in height, or legibly engraved upon metal plate, 
affixed to the inside of the coach or cab in such conspicuous place as mB,y be 
designated by the Mayor or Mayor's Marshal. 

Sec. 99. Each and ever^^ licensed hackney coach or cab, while waiting at 
night for employment at any public stand, shall have its lamps lighted as 
soon as it becomes dark, and thereafter kept trimmed and burning while at 
such stand, and during employment. 

Sec. 100. There shall be fixed in each hackney coach or cab, in such a 
manner as can be conveniently read by any person riding in the same, a card 
containing the name of the owner of said carriage, the number of his license, 
and the whole of section 89 of this article, printed in plain legible characters, 
under a penalty of revocation of license for violation thereof, said section to 
be provided by the License Bureau in pamphlet or card form, and to be fur- 
nished free to the owner of such hackney coach or cab. 

It shall be the duty of the driver of every such hacknej* coach or cab, at 
the commencement of his employment, to present the passenger employing 
him with a printed card or slip containing, in case of cabs, subdivisions 1 and 
2, and in case of coaches, subdivisions 3 and 4 of section 89 of tiiis article. 

Sec. 105. Any person or persons who shall violate any or either of the 
provisions of sections 98 to 105, both inclusive, of this article, shall be liable 
to a penalty of ten dollars. 

Complaints for violations of the above ordinances may be made at 
the office of the Mayor's Marshal, Boom 1, City Hall. 



144 HACK AND CAB REGULATIONS.— LAW COURTS. 

DISTANCES. 

FROM SOUTH FERRY 

To Wall Street | Mile. 

To City Hall 1 " 

To Canal Street 1^ " 

To Houston Street 2 " 

To Fourth Street 2i " 

To Fourteenth Street 21 " 

To Twenty-fourth Street 3^ " 

To Thirty-seventh Street 4 " 

To Forty second Street 4^ " 

To Sixty-second Street 5^ '' 

To Eighty-second Street 6^ " 

To One Hundred and Second Street 7| " 

To One Hundred and Twenty-second Street 8 " 

EAST AND WEST, FROM BROADWAY 

To East River, across Fourteenth Street 1 Mile. 

To East River, across Twenty-third Street 1 " 

To East River, across Thirty-fourth Street | " 

To East River, across Forty-second Street 1 " 

To East River, across Fift^^-ninth Street ]| " 

To North River, across Fourteenth Street 1:^ " 

To North River, across Twenty-third Street 1^ *' 

To North River, across Thirty-fourth Street 1:^ " 

To North River, across Forty -second Street 1 *' 

To North River, across Fifty-ninth Street | ** 

LAW COURTS. 

These consist of 

The Supreme Court of the State — County Court House. 

The Superior Court — County Court House. 

The Court of Common Pleas — County Court House. 

The City Court— City Hall. 

The Courts of 03'er and Terminer — 33 Chambers Street. 

The General Sessions of the Peace — 32 Chambers Street. 

The Special Sessions of the Peace — " The Tombs," Centre Street. 

The District Courts — and 

The Police Courts. 

The Supreme Court has eminent jurisdiction over all things pertaining- to 
the State of New York, and is composed of seven justices, elected for fourteen 
years. 

The Common Pleas and Superior Court have like powers over the city. 
The justices are elected for fourteen years. 

The City Court has limited jurisdiction, and its judges are elected for six 
years. 

A fine building for the Criminal Courts is on Centre Street, between 
Franklin and White Streets. 



LEADING CLUBS. 145 

LEADING CLUBS. 

Club life in New York is comparativel3' of modern growth, but, like the 
metropolis itself, is a very promising- infant. Of course, the fashion is copied 
from London clubdom, which is the mother of all such institutions over the 
world. 

The offspring, however, is stalwart and prolific. Just as acclimated 
fruits, animals and flowers grow larger and more generous in our rich soil, so 
do our clubs bourgeon and bear fruit more quickly and in more luxuriance 
here than elsewhere. 

The Union Club is easily the first of such institutions in New York, and 
has for the present its home in the sturdy old Knickerbocker mansion on the 
corner of Twenty-first Street and Fifth Avenue. 

The Union is the Carlton Club of America. It is the oldest, having been 
established in 1836— half a century ago — a venerable age for New York. 
There are about 1,500 members, among whom are to be found most of the 
really important gentlemen of Manna-ha-ta, who point to the roll of the club 
as German Freiherrn point to their quarterings and genealogies as evidence of 
their nobility. The roll of the Union Club is, indeed, a " Roll of Honor." 

So difficult is it to obtain admission to this exclusive club, that it is usual 
for members to put up the names of their sons while still infants, in order that 
their turn for election, or rejection, may come before they are grey-headed. 

The Manhattan Club is the leading Democratic Association of New York, 
and is domiciled in the marble palace erected by the millionaire, A. T. Stewart, 
on the corner of Thirty-fourth Street west and Fifth Avenue. This club 
was organized in 1868, and has a membership of 1,900. An exceptionally 
good bill of fare is a leading feature. 

The Union League is the principal club of the Republican party. It was 
organized in 1863, and its list of members is about 1,700. The club-house is 
on the corner of Fifth Avenue and Thirty-ninth Street. 

New York Club. — A social club, next in point of age to the Union Club. 
The New York Club is conservative, and has no public functions. Organized 
1845 ; membership, about 850 ; i ouse, corner of Fifth Avenue and Thirty- 
fifth Street. 

The Players' Club. — An exclusive club of actors, theatrical managers, 
and playwrights. Its objects are : " To bring the worthy ones of the theatrical 
profession into frequent intercourse with gentlemen of other arts and callings 
who love the stage and appreciate the value of the drama." The Players' 
was founded by Edwin Booth, who liberally endowed it. Organized 1887 ; 
membership, about 500 ; house. No. 16 Gramercy Park. 

Church Club. — A social organization of baptized laymen of the Protestant 
Episcopal Church. Organized 1887 ; membership, about 450 ; secretary's 
oflfice, No. 4 Warren Street. 

Clergy Club. — Membership restricted to clergymen of the Protestant 
Episcopal Church. Organized 1888; membership, 150; house. No. 29 
Lafayette Place. 



146 LEADING CLUBS. 

Coaching' Club. — An org-anization designed to encourage " four-horse 
driving " in America. Organized 1875 ; membership, 41. 

Racquet and Tennis Club. — Generally known as the Racquet Club. It is 
an outgrowth of a club formed several 3^ears ago for the encouragement and 
development of the game of racquets, and has elaborate racquet and tennis 
courts in its handsome new house, but is essentially a social club. Most of its 
members are wealthy, and all move in excellent society. Under its direction 
several amateur billiard tournaments have been held, and the winner of the 
Racquet Club tournament is practically acknowledged as the champion 
amateur bilhard player of the Eastern States — if not, indeed, of the United 
States. 

Calumet Club. — A purely social organization. Organized 1879 ; member- 
ship, about 600 ; house, No. 267 Fifth Avenue. 

Catholic Club. — The leading social organization of members of the 
Roman Catholic Church resident in New York City and vicinity. Organized 
1871 ; membership, about 800 ; house. No. 120 West Fift^^-ninth Street. 

Cercle Frangais de I'Harmonie. — The distinctively French social club of 
New York City. Membership, about 400 ; house, No. 26 West Twenty- 
fourth Street. 

Colonial Club. — A social club which is one of the few clubs of standing- 
which have set apart suites of rooms for the use of the wives and daughters of 
members. Organized 1889 ; membership, about 700 ; house, corner of the 
Boulevard and West Seventj^-second Street. 

Deutscher Verein (German Club). — The most exclusive German social 
club in the city. Only German-speaking people are eligible to membership. 
Organized 1842; membership, about 250; house, No. 112 West Fifty-ninth 
Street. 

United Service Club. — A military and naval club composed of commis- 
sioned officers and ex-officers of the United States Army, Navy, and National 
Guard, and graduates of the United States Military and Naval Academies. 
Organized 1889; membership, about 800; house, No. 16 West Thirty-first 
Street. 

University Club. — A social club restricted to those who have received 
degrees from universities and colleges requiring a three years' residence and 
study, recipients of honorary degrees and graduates of the United States 
Military and Naval Academies. Organized 1865 ; membership, about 1,800 ; 
house, corner of Madison Avenue and Twentj'-sixth Street. 

Southern Society. — A social organization of natives and former residents 
of the Southern States. Only those born in the South, direct descendants of 
Southerners and residents of the South for at least twenty years prior to 
1884, are eligible to membership. Organized 1886 ; membership, about 1,400 ; 
house, Nos. 18-20 West Twenty-fifth Street. 

St. George's Club. — A social club restricted to those of English birth or 
descent. Organized 1891 ; membership, about 250 ; house, corner of Lexing- 
ton Avenue and Twenty- seventh Street. 

Century Club. — The literary club of New York City. It had its origin in a 
sketching club of the olden time, and its membership includes most of the dis- 



LEADING CLUBS.— LIBRARIES. 147 

tinguished artists, authors, journalists, and clergymen of the city and country. 
Monthly art exhibitions are given in the club gallery during the season. 
Organized 1847 ; membership, about 800 ; house, No. 7 West Forty-third 
Street. 

Grolier Club. — A club of bookmakers, book connoisseurs, and designers. 
Its unique exhibitions of rare volumes, quaint bindings, illustrated manu- 
scripts, etc., are notable fixtures of the literary life of the city. Organized 
1884 ; membership, about 350 ; house. No. 29 East Thirty-second Street. 

Kit-Kat Club. — Organized as a working club for artists. There are two 
classes of membership — artists and lay members. Organized 1881 ; member- 
ship, not stated ; rooms. No. CL Lexington Avenue. 

Lotos Club. — Organized as a journalistic club, and now ranks as the lead- 
ing social-literary club of the cit}^ Its ''Saturday Nights," art exhibitions, 
and receptions have made it famous the world over. Organized 1870 ; mem- 
bership, about 650 ; house, No. 149 Fifth Avenue. 

Press Club. — The distinctively journalistic social organization of New 
York City and the largest press club in the United States. Organized 1872 ; 
membership, 650 ; house. No. 120 Nassau Street. 

NEW YORK LIBRARIES. 

The library center of America has formed itself in New York, and some 
of the most priceless volumes in existence are contained in this city — private 
and public libraries. There are thirtj'-four public libraries in New york; 
these include mercantile, law, apprentices, and medical libraries. The Astor 
is the finest. One million dollars' worth of books are contained therein. 
Here many visitors are found on all days when the reading room is thrown 
open. This library contains some two hundred and fifty thousand volumes, 
and some eighteen thousand pamphlets. A letter that will be of interest just 
now is one from Christophoro Colon. It is said that this letter will be put in 
the World's Fair Exhibition by the Trustees of the Astor Library. 

Sylvester's Universal Paleography is a valuable book that many come 
to this building to see ; also, Lloyds' History of Columbia, now called Wales. 
This latter book is extant only in this one copy. 

Here also is found the oldest polyglot edition of the Scriptures, that was 
fifteen years in preparation and done by the order of Cardinal Ximenes. The 
earliest edition of Ptolemy's Geographj^ and a Biblia Sacra Latina, dated 
1462, and other curious and very valuable old books of the Astor Library. 
This collection of volumes numbers some priceless Oriental works, and many 
students from all parts of the world bear testimony to this. 

The oldest manuscript to be found here is Lectiones Evangeliis ; this is 
done on vellum, and is illuminated. It was made b^' the monks in A. D. 1470, 
and its value is well nigh priceless. 

The John Wycliff e edition of the New Testament ranks high among this 
library's antique collection. 

Persian manuscripts of the fifth century may be found here, and also rare 
Siamese manuscripts. 



148 LIBRARIES.— MARKETS. 

A copy of the papal edict against Martin Luther, 1520, will prove a delight 
for those who visit this place. 

The Lenox Library is next in value. This is not visited as much as the 
Astor Librarj^, although the student will find much to repay him for making 
not one, but many visits, to this treasure house. The Lenox Library has a 
fine art gallery, and here the celebrated painting is seen, " Milton Dictating 
Paradise Lost to His Daughters." 

There are fifty thousand volumes on this library's shelves. Among them 
is the celebrated Guttenburg Bible. Indeed, this is the finest Scriptural col- 
lection in America, and also a complete collection of Milton's works, includ- 
ing the works that Charles Rex ordered to be burned by the common 
hangman. 

A German Bible, dated 1466, a Latin Bible, 1476, the Greek Gospels, A.D. 
1150, a Latin Bible of the fourteenth century done on vellum, and one some- 
what similar of the thirteenth century, a first edition of Bun3'an's Pilgrim's 
Progress, a 1433 edition of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, Dante's Divine 
Comedy, dated 1472 — all these are among this ancient and valuable collection. 
A cop3^ of the New World, published in 1516, must not be overlooked. A 
Life of Christ, illustrated by Giulio Clovio, and later presented to Pope Paul 
TIL, is contained in the Lenox Library, and highly valued as one of its most 
priceless volumes. 

There are two law libraries in the city ; one is located in the Post-Office 
building ; it has about twenty-five thousand volumes. 

The Mercantile Library embraces modern literature of a fight school, 
although much good reading is to be found here. 

The Cooper Union Library contains some twenty thousand volumes. 
Here crowds can be seen daily. This building has been rebuilt and improved 
by the good Peter Cooper, the philanthropist, of whom New York is justl}' 
proud. This library does not embrace many ancient volumes, but is a useful, 
practical and serviceable library — one selected to give the most help to the 
average student of to-day. 

The finest New York medical librarj^ is in the New York Hospital. 

The Directory Library, to be found on the corner of Eighth Street and 
University Place. These volumes number only five hundred, and contain 
the names of people all over the country. Anyone wishing to get the address 
of people in other cities may filnd what they want here. 

The Apprentices' Library has over sixty thousand volumes ; it is 
patronized chiefly by the working class. 

MARKETS. 

The largest New York market is 

Washington Market. — West Washington Market is situated at the foot 
of West Twelfth Street. Just east of West Washington Market is Ganse- 
voort Market, where the farmers sell from wagons. The wholesale oyster 
market is near West Washington Market, and it is a novel sight to see the 
fishermen dispose of their spoils. 



MARKETS.— MESSENGER SERVICE. 149 

Fulton Market is between Fulton, Beekman, Front and South Streets, 
and covers a square. Fulton Fish Market, just opposite, is celebrated. 
There is a restaurant in Fulton Market where the faint shopper can have fish 
cooked to the Queen's taste. The g-reatest fish market in the world is to be 
found at the Fulton Market. — Fish caug-ht in foreign ports are shown here. 
The April brook trout exhibition, that occurs yearl}-^ under the superintendence 
of ex-Fish Commissioner Blackford, is well worth going" to see. Not onh' edible 
fish are obtained here, but aquariums of odd living- fish are on exhibition, 
and also enormous and rare turtles. 

Clinton Market is at Canal and West Streets. 

Tompkins Market, in Third Avenue, between Sixth and Seventh Streets. 

Catherine Market is on the East River at the foot of Catherine Street. 

Central Market is on East Forty-second Street. 

Centre Market is on Centre Street, between Grand and Broome Streets. 

Essex Market is in Essex Street, corner of Grand. 

Columbus is at One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Street. 

Jefferson Market is on Sixth Avenue, corner of Greenwich Street, and 
Union Market is on Avenue D, between Second and Houston Streets. 

Paddy's Market is certainlj'^ an amusing and novel sight. This market 
consists of rows of venders' carts pulled up on Ninth Avenue, between 
Twenty-eighth and Thirty-fourth Streets. Here the poorest classes buj'^, and 
bargain keenly in doing so. 

MESSENGER SERVICE. 

The Messenger Service in New York is not only the promptest in any 
city, but there are more offices than elsewhere. Anj^ station, hotel, or 
restaurant contain messenger calls that will be answered by night, as 
well as in the day. The headquarters of the American District Telegraph 
Company is at 8 Dey Street, but its branch offices can be found in every part 
of the city. The police call, or fire alarm, may be rung from these boxes, as 
well as the call for a messenger boy. Every messenger call has a printed 
card that is tacked on the wall beside it, explaining the several calls. The 
tariff for messenger service is 30 cents an hour. It is well to obtain a tariflF 
book that is issued by the company to prevent overcharge. 

Appended is a list of messenger offices : 398 East Tenth Street, 985 
Eighth Avenue, 821 Sixth Avenue, 666 Sixth Avenue, 990 Sixth Avenue, 497 
Third Avenue, 844 Third Avenue, 2097 Third Avenue, 1369 Third Avenue, 
1059 Third Avenue, Forty-fifth Street and First Avenue, 539 Fifth Avenue, 
397 Fifth Avenue, 344 Third Avenue, 110 West Fourteenth Street, 225 Church 
Street, 316 Greenwich Street, 195 Broadway, 120 Broadway, 10 Wall Street, 
Grand Central Depot, 270 West Twenty-third Street, 281 Broadway, 599 
Broadway, 854 Broadway, 1140 Broadway, 1227 Broadwaj^, 201 East Four- 
teenth Street, 270 West Twenty- third Street, 270 West Thirty- fourth Street, 
8 West Twent3'--third Street, Eighth Street and University Place, 407 Broad- 
way, 142 West Street, 251 Church Street, 444 Broome Street, 32 Desbrosses 
Street, 151 Church Street, 134 Pearl Street, 9 New Street, 120 Front Street, 
68 Fulton Street, Cotton Exchange, 233 Grand Street, Gansevoort Market, 



150 NATIONAL GUARD.— NEWSPAPERS. 

251 Columbus Avenue, 386 West Street, 763 Madison Avenue, 985 Madison 
Avenue, 644 Columbus Avenue, 453 Columbus Avenue, 1616 Third Avenue, 
268 West One Hundred and Sixteenth Street, 134 East One Hundred and 
Twenty-fifth Street, 53 West One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street, 2300 
Seventh Avenue, 264 West One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street, 2300 
Seventh Avenue. 

NATIONAL GUARD. 

New Yorkers have a great pride in the National Guard, which has 
proved of great use. Under almost perfect discipline, it has been called 
out in time of riots, and the service done has been admirable. Five thous- 
and five hundred of the Guard are in New York City. 

The Seventh Regiment Armory is on the corner of Park Avenue and 
East Sixty-seventh Street. 

The Eighth Regiment, corner of Park Avenue and East Ninety-fourth 
Street. 

The Ninth Regiment, 221 West Twenty-sixth Street. 

Twelfth Regiment, Columbus Avenue and West Sixty-second Street. 

Twenty- second Regiment, Sixty-eighth Street and Boulevard. 

Sixty-ninth Regiment, Third Avenue and Seventh Street. 

Seventy- first Regiment, One Hundred and Seventh Street and Lexington 
Avenue. 

First Battery, 340 West Forty-fourth Street. 

Second Battery, 810 Seventh Avenue. 

Troop A, 136 West Fifty-sixth Street. 

Signal and Telegraph Corps, 132 West Fifty-sixth Street. 

The Seventh Regiment has the finest armory in the city. It is well worth 
the tourist's attention, and no traveler should leave New York without going 
through it. 

The Seventh Regiment is probably the best drilled military corps in the 
countrj'^, if not in the world, and is closely followed by the Twenty-second, and 
also by the Brooklyn Twenty-third and Thirteenth. The difference, however, 
is evident to military eyes only. To the ordinary observer our National Guard 
is as near perfection of drill and soldierly bearing as citizen- soldiers can well 
attain to. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

The most prominent newspapers in New York City are : The New York 
Herald, the World, the Sun, the Tribune, the Times, the Mail and Express, the 
Recorder, the Morning Journal, the Press, the Daily News and the Post. 

There are in all fifty-six newspapers in New York. Papers in German, 
Hebrew, French, Finnish, Danish, Polish, Italian, Russian, Bohemian, and 
Portuguese languages are published. 

All the celebrated newspaper offices are on Broadway and Park Row. 

The cable news is first received in New York ; in fact, for news, the 
Gotham papers lead the world . 



NEWSPAPERS.— POLICE DEPARTMENT. 151 

The New York Herald, founded by the elder Bennett, is a practical illus- 
tration of how an absent editor can still publish a remarkable and famous 
sheet. It is known of Mr. James Gordon Bennett that, no matter in what 
country he may be, every important part of his Herald is cabled to him daily. 
Mr. Bennett is not often in America, and then only for a day or so, to give 
the Herald what its staff calls ''a shaking- up." 

For absolute integrity of purpose the Herald is to be commended. It 
cannot be bribed. 

The World is a popular sheet, the magazine of the poor man. Its Sunday 
edition contains all sorts of literature, from children's stories to novels, and 
from politics to sermons. The World publishes an evening edition also. 

The Tribune is an old paper, taken by a certain class whose names have 
been on its subscription books for many years. It is an honest sheet, and its 
editorials are clean, well written, and able. 

The Sun embraces a peculiar line of literature. Its Sunday edition covers 
the magazine field. The astronomical articles in the Sunday numbers are 
valuable reading. The literature is of a good, high tone, and the poetry well 
chosen. In fact, graceful fiction and scientific fact go hand-in-hand in this 
publication. 

The Morning Journal appeals to the working folk. Its stories are of an 
easy and imaginative sort, and its style rather sensational. 

The Recorder is a new-comer when compared to the time when the above- 
mentioned papers have been published in New York. It exhibits energ}^ and 
wonderful advertising capacity. Its reform projects are all in useful 
directions. 

The Morning Advertiser has a high standing, and is ranked fair in its 
policy. In fact, in no city of America is the daily news put in such attractive 
form as to make it readable as in New York City. All other newspapers in 
this country seem provincial when compared to the great dailies of this 
metropolis. 

POLICE DEPARTMENT. 

The Police Department is under the Superintendence of four commis- 
sioners, who receive salaries of $5,000 per year, and their appointments 
extend over a period of six years. 

Besides these commissioners there are three inspectors, a chief inspector, 
a superintendent, thirty-six captains, forty detective sergeants, 144 sergeants, 
and 3,700 patrolmen. 

The Police Commissioners appoint the Inspectors of Election, Ballot 
Clerks, and Poll Clerks. 

Police Headquarters will be found at No. 300 Mulberry Street. 

Police Station in Precinct No. 1 is Old Slip, near Front Street ; No. 2, 
corner of Liberty and Church Streets ; No. 3, City Hall ; No. 4, 9 Oak 
Street; No. 5, 19 Leonard Street; No. 6, 19 Elizabeth Street; No. 7, 247 
Madison Street; No. 8, Prince Street, corner Wooster ; No. 9, 94 Charles 
Street; No. 10,205 Mulberry Street ; No. 11, 105 Eldridge Street; No. 12, 
Attorney and Delancey Streets ; No. 13, Union Market; No. 14, First Avenue 



152 POLICE DEPARTMENT.— POSTAL INFORMATION. 

and Fifth Street ; No. 15, 221 Mercer Street; No. 16, 230 West Twentieth 
Street ; No. 17, 34 East Twenty-ninth Street ; No. 18, 327 East Twenty second 
Street; No. 19, 137 West Thirtieth Street ; No. 20, 434 West Thirty-seventh 
Street; No. 21, 160 East Thirty-fifth Street ; No. 22, 347 West Forty-seventh 
Street; No. 23, 163 East Fift^^-first Street; No. 23 (sub-precinct, Grand 
Central Depot) ; No. 24, West Sixty-eighth Street and Boulevard ; No. 25, 

153 East Sixty-seventh Street; No. 26, 134 West One Hundredth Street; No. 
27, 432 East Eighty-eighth Street; No. 2S, Pier A, North River ; No. 29, East 
One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Street, near Lexington Avenue ; No. 30, 
West One Hundred and Twent}^- fifth Street, near Ninth Avenue; No. 31, 
High Bridge ; No. 32, Tenth Avenue and One Hundred and Fifty second Street ; 
No. 33, Morrisania Town Hall ; No. 34, Tremont ; No. 35, Kingsbridge ; No. 
36, Steamboat Patrol. 

POSTAL INFORMATION. 

Postal notes are bought by paying a commission of 3 cents for any sum 
from 1 cent to $4.99. Money orders have the full directions for their use 
printed on one side, with blank left that the sender must fill out. If one is 
the recipient of one of these orders, they must be identified after signing. 

A tariff of 5 cents is charged for a domestic money order not exceeding 
$5 ; over $5 and not exceeding $10, the tariff is 8 cents ; a tariff of 10 cents 
is charged for $15, etc., etc., on this scale. The limit of each order is $100. 

For any money to be sent outside of America international money orders 
are given. For these the rates are 10 cents for $10; over $10 and under $30 
or $30, 20 cents, etc., etc. International money orders are payable any time 
within one year of the date of issue. 

The rate on all letters sent to any part of the United States or Canada is 
2 cents an ounce. 

All sealed parcels sent b^' post are charged full letter rates, unless left 
partly open for examination. 

For registered letters the fee is 10 cents in stamps. 

Newspapers, magazmes and periodicals are ranked as second class mat- 
ter, and when mailed by any but the publisher or agent, is 1 cent for each 
four ounces. 

Third class matter includes books, cards, photographs, engravings, litho- 
graphs, printed post cards mailed by the quantity, etc., etc. These must be 
arranged so that the postmaster can easily see the contents of packages. 
Rate, one cent for each two ounces. 

The fourth-class matter admits of no printing or letter-heads, playing 
cards, pencil or ink drawings, unprinted postal cards ; roots and samples, etc., 
are included in this class, but the weight of no package must be over four 
pounds. The charge for this is one cent for each ounce. 

In order to register a parcel, a fee of 10 cents is necessary. 



RACES. 153 

RACES. 

The four principal race tracks near town are Morris Park track, Sheeps- 
head Bay track, Gravesend track, and the Brighton track. 

Seats on the grand stand at any of these racing stands are $1.50. 

The admission fee alone is $1.00. 

New Jersev has tracks at Monmouth Park, at Linden, Clifton, Elizabeth, 
and Guttenberg. The Linden track is best reached from New York City by 
the Pennsylvania Railroad, by way of the Cortlandt Street Ferry. 

The Elizabeth track is soonest reached by the Central Railroad of New 
Jersey. 

Clifton track is reached by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western 
Railroad. 

Guttenburg may be reached by taking the Christopher Street Ferry to 
Hoboken, and from thence by the horse cars, or by Jay and Forty-second 
Street Ferries to Weehawken, and thence by the Hudson County Railroad. 

The races at Morris Park, Monmouth Park, Gravesend and Sheepshead 
Bay, are under the rules of the Board of Control. This is done to remedy 
many dishonest evils of the turf. The great stake races are over these 
tracks. The racing season really commences on the day when the Brooklyn 
handicap is run. The spring meeting at Gravesend lasts fifteen days. The 
Gravesend track is very easily reached from New York City. 

The New York Jockey Club holds their next meeting, which occurs at 
Morris Park, and lasts fifteen days ; here the great Eclipse stake is decided^ 
worth $40,000. 

The Morris Park track is an exceptionally fine one. Morris Park is 
reached by taking the Second Avenue Elevated to Harlem River, and from 
thence the Harlem River branch of the New York, New Haven and Hudson 
River Railroad to Van Nest ; or one may take the Third Avenue Elevated 
Railroad, and continue on its suburban line, which reaches Van Nest. 

The next important racing is at Sheepshead Bay; here the great Su- 
burban handicap is run. The spring meeting at Sheepshead Bay lasts fifteen 
days. During this time the three big races — the Brooklyn handicap. Su- 
burban handicap, and the Futurity, are decided. 

Sheepshead track is reached by way of the Thirty-fourth Street station 
of the Long Island Railroad, and the Atlantic Avenue station of the Man- 
hattan Beach road, and the Bedford station of the Brighton Beach road. 

The Monmouth Park thirty days' summer racing are next in order, and 
also the Brighton Beach races that last for thirty days. The Monmouth Park 
and Brighton Beach races alternate, each one occurring on every other day. 
The Monmouth Park track is only second to the Morris Park. 

Sheepshead Bay is next in the races, and the Futurity stakes are the first 
attraction. After the fall meeting at Sheepshead Bay a fifteen days' meeting 
is held at Gravesend, and later a fall meeting at Morris Park. 

To all lovers of racing, New York and its immediate suburbs offer the 
finest inducements. 



154 RESTAURANTS. 

RESTAURANTS. 

The finest restaurants, of the most varied sorts, are to be found in New 
York City 

Foreigners from almost every part of the globe can enjoy their native 
cooking in places adjoining the colons', inhabited by their countrymen. As 
the Italians dwell near and in Mulberry Street, just so sure may plenty of 
cheap Italian restaurants be found in that location. There are, of course, 
better Italian cafes further uptown. 

East Indian cooking, Chinese restaurants adjoining the Chinese quarter, 
Mott Street, and Spanish about East Fifteenth Street, are plentiful. Looking 
again to the lower part of the city, French cafes, German cafes, Swiss eating 
places, restaurants for down South colored folk, Hungarian cooking, Austrian 
eating houses, and, in fact, dishes to suit every palate on earth, may be found 
in New York City, a much more varied assortment than can be had in London, 
although all races of the earth gather there ; when one is in London, one must 
eat as Londoners do ; but when one is in New York, one may eat exactly as 
one does in one's own country. English chop houses stand high in popular 
favor, and the number increases monthly. 

Of course, the whole traveled world knows that Delmonico's restaurant 
is the most celebrated in New York. The pathetic story of an elder Delmonico 
having, in a mood of mental despondency, wandered off and died of hunger, is 
a satire of fate — a strange illustration of the unexpected way destiny takes to 
mark her victims. Some of the most noted jokes from some of the merriest 
wits have been uttered at the Delmonico board. 

Here the man who has speculated, not wisely but too well, dines on his 
last few dollars ; while, sitting within a few feet of him is a man many times a 
millionaire. Here old friends and old enemies, if they belong to the worldly 
world, must invariably meet. 

Any one who brings a scandal, causes a disturbance, or in any other way 
makes their presence objectionable in the Delmonico restaurant, is got rid of 
in rather an odd manner. The offending person may sit for hours, and give 
their order many times; they are politely answered, but are not served. 
After a time the hint is taken, and the objectionable guest never appears 
again. 

Although this famous cafe still bears the name, no Delmonico is actively 
connected with its present management. 

And now let a word be said in favor of the chef who for so many years 
served well and faithfully this restaurant — Phillipini. All the most famous 
dinners, luncheons, and suppers he has served are reproduced in his late 
cookery book, and therein one may find the secret of man}^ an odd and tasty 
dish they have eaten to their satisfaction in this Broadway house. 

The Brunswick gives excellent service at a reasonable price, if one goes 
at the right hour. 

The Hotel Martin cafe has been spoken of before ; to lovers of French 
cooking it is entirely satisfactory. Some of the best New York cafes are 



RESTAURANTS.— ROUTES OF TRAVEL. 155 

Delmonico's, 2 South William Street ; 22 Broad Street ; 212 Fifth 
Avenue, corner of Twenty-sixth Street. 

St. Denis Hotel Cafe, Broadway and Eleventh Street. 

Sutherland's, 64 Liberty Street. 

Cafe Martin, 17 University Place. 

Metropolitan Hotel, 584 Broadway. 

Pursell's, Twentieth Street and Broadway. 

Hungaria, Union Square and Fourteenth Street. 

Cable's, Pine Street and Broadway. 

Dorlon's, 108 East Twenty-third Street. 

Clark's, 22 West Twenty-third Street. 

Caf6 Savarin, 120 Broadway. 

Vienna Bakery, Tenth Street and Broadway. 

Among" the French cafes are : 

Delisle's, 32 Fulton Street. 

Moquin's, 149 Fulton Street. 

A table d' bote dinner, served in Italian style, can be had at 

Morello's, 4 West Twent^^-ninth Street. 

Martinelli's, 136 Fifth Avenue. 

Moretti's, Twenty-first Street, near Broadway. 

Lantelme, 40 Union Square. 

Smith and McNeil's, 198 Greenwich Street and 199 Washing-ton Street, 
and Nash & Brush's, 18 Park Place, are g-ood down-town places for luncheons. 

ROUTES OF TRAVEL. 

To the traveler coming to or passing through to leave New York, a g-reat 
many railroads hold out special inducements. In fact, in no other country is 
traveling made in such comfort and even luxury. The only railroads that 
come directly into New York City come via the Forty-second Street Depot. 
These roads are the New York Central and Hudson River, which is one of 
the most comfortable and picturesque in the world ; the Harlem and New 
York, and New Haven and Hartford. 

Any person wishing" to travel by railroad lines other than these must 
make use of the ferries in coming" to or leaving" New York. 

The stations containing the waiting" rooms for passengers are all that can 
be desired. Teleg"rams may be sent therefrom ; books, papers, mag'azines 
are found on the stands ; restaurants are usually in the buildings, and flower 
stands go towards forming a picturesque and comfortable interior. Check 
rooms for the safe keeping of baggage, letter boxes and fruit stands, are also 
connected with every station for the use of railroad passeng"ers. All the 
depots lying on the New Jersey side of the ferries are within a few feet of the 
ferry landing, so to the traveler hampered with heavy luggag"e, the task of 
making" this double trip is far from heavy. Cabs are allowed to cross the 
ferries with their passengers therein, although they are generally dismissed 
at the New York side of the ferry, as nothing is gained by taking them 
across, save when one is weighted down with parcels or too heavy luggage. 



156 ROUTES OF TRAVEL. 

The principal railroads leading- into New York are : 

The New York Central and Hudson Rtver.— This arrives in town at 
the Grand Central Depot on Fortj^-second Street and Fourth Avenue, also at 
Thirtieth Street and Tenth Avenue. This being- the Hudson River route, 
connects with Albany, Rochester, Buffalo, Niagara Falls, Montreal, Detroit, 
and with Western towns straight through to Chicago. 

New Jersey and New York. — This line, via the Erie Route, goes to the 
suburban places in New Jersey. 

Pennsylvania. — The depot is reached by ferry from the foot of Cort- 
landt or Desbrosses Streets. This rokd touches such points as Baltimore, 
Philadelphia, Trenton, and other New Jersey towns and Western points, con- 
tinuing on to Chicago. The Limited of this line, running directly from Chi- 
cago to New York, is celebrated. 

New York, Lake Erie and Western has its depot in Jersey City. This 
can be reached by the ferry from the foot of West Twenty-third Street and 
Chambers Street. The road touches Buffalo, Rochester, Detroit, Niagara 
Falls, Toledo, Watkins Glen, etc., and connects with Western points. 

MONTCLAIR and Greenwood Lake, vla the Erie Route, runs to Watchung, 
Greenwood Lake, Montclair and way stations. 

New York and Greenwood Lake, via Erie, goes to Greenwood Lake 
and way stations in New Jersey. 

New Jersey Southern has a depot at Sandy Hook, which is reached from 
New York by boats starting from Pier 8, North River, at the foot of Rector 
Street. This goes to all New Jersey seaside resorts. 

Long Island Railroad Depot is at Long- Island City. May be reached 
from New York by the ferry at the foot of East Thirty-fourth Street and 
James SUp. This line g-oes to Manhattan Beach, Jamaica, Flushing, Babylon, 
Sag Harbor, Garden City, and other points on Long Island. 

Culver Route Depot is in Brooklyn at Fifth Avenue and Thirty-ninth. 
Street. From New York will be reached by ferry at foot of Whitehall Street. 
It goes to Coney Island and its near resorts. 

Morris and Essex, via Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Route. It 
goes to Orange, Summit, Morristown, Newark, etc. 

Baltimore and Ohio Depot is at Communipaw, N. J. It can be reached 
from New York City by ferry at foot of Liberty Street. It runs to Phila- 
delphia, Washington, Pittsburg, Baltimore, and Western cities, going through 
to Chicago. 

Delaware, Lackawanna and Western. — This depot is in Hoboken, 
and is to be reached from New York by ferries from Barclay or Christopher 
Streets. The line runs to Paterson, Lake Hopatcong, Richfield Springs, Syra- 
cuse, Buffalo, Utica, Scranton, etc., and connects with Western lines. 

New York and Rockaway Beach. — The depot is at Long Island City, 
at the Long Island Railroad Station. From New York one must take the 
ferry at foot of East Thirty-fourth Street or James Slip. This line runs to 
Rockaway Beach, Manhattan Beach, Coney Island, and Long Beach. 

New York, New Haven and Hartford. — This line leaves from Grand 
Central Depot, Forty-second Street and Fourth Avenue. It passes through 



ROUTES OF TRAVEL. 157 

Bridgeport, New Haven, Boston, Spring-field, Hartford, etc., and connects 
with branches for Connecticut, New Hampshire and Vermont cities. 

Harlem Branch. — This runs to New Rochelle from the north side of 
Harlem River. Depot is near Third Avenue drawbridge. 

New York and Sea Beach.— This depot is at Bay Ridge, and reached 
from New York by ferry from foot of Whitehall Street. It goes to Coney 
Island, etc. 

Ontario and Western.— This goes from the Weehawken Railroad 
Depot, N. J. From New York the ferry must be taken at foot of Forty- 
second or Franklin Streets. This route passes Utica, Oswego, Niagara Falls, 
Buffalo, Thousand Islands, etc., and connects with Western lines. 

Nev^ York, Susquehanna and Western. — Leaves from Pennsylvania 
Railroad Depot at Jersey City, and from New York by ferry at foot of 
Desbrosses or Cortlandt Streets. It runs to points in Northern and Eastern 
Pennsylvania. 

Northern of Jersey, via Erie. — Runs to Englewood, Nyack, Sparkhill, 
and way stations. 

Reading Railroad System. — Central Railroad of New Jersey has its 
depot at Communipaw, Jersey City. It is reached from New York bj^ ferry 
at foot of Liberty Street. It goes to Newark, Elizabeth, Plainfield, Bound 
Brook, Trenton, Philadelphia, and Pennsylvania coal regions. 

Newark and New York. — This is a branch of the New Jersey Central. 
It goes to Newark and way stations. 

New York and Long Branch has its depots at Communipaw and Exchange 
Place, in Jersey Cit3^ The ferry from New York must be taken at foot of 
Liberty, Desbrosses or Cortlandt Streets. This line goes to New Jersey 
seaside places. 

The Lehigh Valley Depot, at Pennsylvania Railroad, Jersey City. Ferry 
taken at Cortlandt or Desbrosses Street. Road goes to Easton, Philadelphia, 
Baltimore, Washington, etc., connecting with North, West and Southern 
Railroads. 

Philadelphia and Reading. — Depot Central R. R. of New Jersey. 
Perry from New York is taken at the foot of Liberty Street. 

Staten Island Rapid Transit. — Depot, St. George, S. I. Ferry from 
New York is at the foot of Whitehall Street. Goes to all points on Staten 
Island. 

West Shore and Buffalo. — Leaves from Weehawken Railroad Depot, 
N. J. Ferry from New York leaves from foot of Forty-second or Franklin 
Streets. Goes to all points on the west shore of the Hudson River, such as 
Newburg, West Point, Albany, Oswego, Buffalo, Niagara Falls, etc., and 
connects with Western lines. 

New York and Harlem.— From Grand Central Depot, for White 
Plains, Berkshire Hills, and Chatham, where it connects with the Boston 
and Albany line. 



158 SOCIETIES. 

SOCIETIES. 

The Ancient Order of Free and Accepted Masons is, beyond doubt, the 
most interesting- and powerful body in the city. 

Bound by the " mystic tie," and b^^ a vow of secrecy which has never 
been broken, this brotherhood extends a subtle influence, leads with an invis- 
ible ''cable tow "a mass of the intelligence and respectability of the com- 
munity. 

Born of the antique astro-theological mysteries of Elensis and the Orphic 
games, which, again, were emanations from the ceremonies of the Chaldean 
Magi, which themselves were offshoots of the Aryan native worship, the 
Masonic mystery became the secret repository in which the true significance 
of things was kept from the ken of the barbarians during the era of mental 
darkness known as ''The Middle Ages," when knowledge was crime and 
death the penalty thereof. 

At present, however, when thought is to a certain extent free, and the 
cultured world has attained to the secrets hidden of old in the mystic cere- 
monies and buried in symbols, the order has merged into a g-rand benefit 
society and a fraternal union, still, however, keeping up its mystical color. 

The chief temple of the order is in Twenty-third Street, corner Sixth 
Avenue, designed by Le Brun, and sentineled by the columns Jachin and 
Boaz (Strengh and Beauty), which are, occultly, the main supports of Solo- 
man's Temple, otherwise the Arch of the Firmament, " Not builded by hands, 
eternal in the heavens." 

In addition to this time honored organization are : 

American Bible Society. — For the circulation of the Bible without note or 
comment, occupying- the block bounded by Third and Fourth Avenues, Astor 
Place and East Ninth Street. 

American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.— Fourth 
Avenue and Twenty-second Street. 

Bar Association of the City of New York. — Founded to " maintain the 
honor and dignity of the profession of law, cultivate social relations among- 
its members, and increase its usefulness in promoting the due administration 
of justice." The association occupies No. 7 West Twenty-ninth Street, and 
the most prominent lawyers of New York City are members. Organized 1870. 

Gaelic Society. — Whose purposes are " the study and cultivation of the 
Irish language, music, literature, history, archaeology customs and folk-lore 
of Ireland, and the furtherance of the interests of the Gael." The society 
has quarters at No. 17 West Twenty-eighth Street. 

Holland Society. — Of those who trace their genealogy to emigrants from 
Holland prior to 1G75. 

The Central Labor Union meets in Clarendon Hall in East Thirteenth 
Street, near Fourth Avenue ; the Central Labor Federation at No, 385 
Bowery. 

New England Society.— Founded May 6, 1805, with a view to keeping 
alive the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers, to render assistance to members 
when required, and to promote social intercourse. It has 1,300 members. 



SOCIETIES. 159 

New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.— Elbridge 
T. Gerry is president, and its office is at No. 106 East Twenty-third Street. 

New York Society for the Suppression of Vice. — The society's office is in 
the New York Times Building-, No. 41 Park Row. 

Oratorio Societ3^ — Organized in 1873 by the late Dr. Damrosch, to encour- 
age classical music. A series of concerts is given each year. Headquarters, 
No. 30 East Fourteenth Street. 

Philharmonic Society. — The oldest and most important musical organiza- 
tion in the city. The object of the society is the cultivation of instrumental 
music, and its 100 active members are all professional musicians. The society 
gives a series of six concerts on Saturday evenings each year, and a series of 
six public rehearsals on the preceding Friday afternoons. Organized 1842 ; 
headquarters. No. 923 Park Avenue. 

Society for the Prevention of Crime. — The Rev. Dr. Charles H. Park- 
hurst, president. Office, No. 913 Broadway. 

Societ}' of Mechanics and Tradesmen. — Dating back to 1785. It has a 
free circulating library, known as the Apprentices' Librarj', and an evening 
school for the instruction of young men and women in typewriting, sten- 
ography, mechanical or free hand drawing, twelve scholarships in the New 
York Trade Schools, and other philanthropic features. No. 18 East Sixteenth 
Street. 

Young Men's Christian Association. — Numbers 8,000 members. Organ- 
ized 1852. 

Young Women's Christian Association, — Offers free instruction in type- 
writing, stenography, book-keeping, sewing, music, drawing, photography, 
an employment bureau, safe and economical boarding-houses, a free reading 
room, a circulating library, physical culture, readings, concerts, and other 
entertainments. 

LEARNED AND SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES. 

American Geographical Society. — Has 1,500 members, owns the building 
at No. 11 West Twenty-ninth Street, a library of 14,000 volumes, and a col- 
lection of 8,000 maps and charts. Organized 1852. 

American Institute. — For the encouragement of domestic industr3^ The 
meetings are public. The feature of the Institute is its annual fair held in the 
fall at the Institute Building, Third Avenue and Sixty-third Street. The In- 
stitute has a library of about 14,000 volumes at its headquarters. No. 115 
West Thirty-eighth Street. 

American Microscopical Society.— No. 12 East Twenty-second Street. 

Archeeological Institute. — Holds meetings at Columbia College. 

New York Academy of Medicine. — No. 17 West Forty-third Street ; has 
a library of 20,000 volumes, open to the public. It was organized in 1847. 

New York Academy of Science. — Weekly meetings are held at Columbia 
College from October 1 to May 1, and two publications, " The Annals," and 
"The Transactions," are issued by the Academy. The Academy's meetings 
are open to the public. Cards of admission for the popular lectures maj^ be 
obtained from any member. 



160 SOCIETIES.— SPORTS. 

New York Historical Society. — Occupies a large fireproof structure at 
No. 170 Second Avenue, but has recently purchased a site for a new building 
at Eig-hth Avenue and Seventy-sixth Street. 

These are the principal org-anizations, but there are manj^ others equally 
useful, although not quite so prominent. 

SPORTS. 

Athletic sports in New York are fast becoming- a great feature ; through 
the medium of athletic clubs these amusements are put on a high plane. 

The Manhattan Athletic Club, the New York Athletic Club, and the Y. 
M. C. A. athletic gymnasiums have done much to further the progress of all 
high class athletic sports in New York City. Bicycle lovers can be met in 
throngs on Eighth Avenue, Madison Avenue, or, in fact, on any well-paved 
up-town street. Prospect Park, in Brooklyn, and Central Park, of New 
York, are also great resorts for wheelmen. The addresses of the noted athletic 
clubs are, of course, easily found, and at the main building of the Y. M. C. 
A., on Twenty-third Street and Fourth Avenue, the stranger will be directed 
to the branch of that institution nearest his address, be it in Harlem or at the 
Bowery. 

A well-known public gymnasium, under the superintendence of Dr. Sar- 
gent, will be found at Fifty-ninth Street and Eighth Avenue. 

Lovers of baseball may find games going on during the summer at the 
Polo Grounds, and Eastern Park. 

The Coney Island Rod and Gun Club has grounds that are let out to 
other clubs. Dexter Park, Long Island, is also used for this purpose. 

Horseback riders find good bridle paths in Central Park and on Riverside 
Drive. 

For those who care for fencing, a club may be found at 49 East Twenty- 
eighth Street. 

The Racquet Club is at 27 West Forty-third Street ; the Manhattan 
(Chess) Club is at 31 West Twenty-seventh Street; and the New York Club at 
52 Union Square. 

Rowing clubs number the Dauntless, the Atalanta, the Harlem, and the 
Nautilus (of Brooklyn) on their list. The Harlem River is lined with boat- 
houses and swimming docks, and during the summer months thousands of 
people keep in trim bj'^ getting the air after these fashions, stealing away 
from their business for a part of the day. 

These boat-houses are easily reached by taking the Sixth Avenue Ele- 
vated Railroad, that takes one within a couple of blocks or so of the river. 

In the fall the football games comes off, and the American Football Asso- 
ciation, made up of teams from the Orange, Staten Island, and Crescent 
Athletic Clubs, plaj^s a series for the championship. 

A Thanksgiving Day game of football is played, and in this the Yale 
and Princeton Football Associations are seen. 

Tennis, football, baseball, cricket, etc., etc., may be played in Central 
Park, but application must be made to the Superintendent before playing. 



SPORTS. - STORES. 1 61 

The Manhattan Athletic Field is at Eighth Avenue and One Hundred 
and Fiftj'^-fifth Street; the Sixth or Ninth Avenue Elevated roads take one 
there, also the Eighth Avenue surface cars. 

The Polo Grounds adjoin the Manhattan Field, so the same rules apply 
for reaching that location. 

Berkeley Oval, a ten-acre field, is near Morris Dock ; it is reached by the 
Sixth Avenue Elevated and the New York and Northern from One Hundred 
and Fifty-fifth Street. 

STORES. 



DRY GOODS. 

The stores, or as we are correctly learning to put it, the shops of New 
York, are a constant source of satisfaction and temptation to the traveler. 

One of the most celebrated for having the finest goods, and absolutely 
reliable stock is 

Lord & Taylor's. — This shop is on Broadway, on the corner of 
Twentieth Street. The prices may be a trifle higher than in several Sixth 
Avenue places, but when one is certain that everything sold is of the best, 
they should, if their purses allow, be quite content. 

Arnold & Constable, another Broadway shop, deals in the same high 
class of goods. This is a handsome building, and one well worth going 
through. 

Daniell's and Hilton, Hughes & Co., much further down on Broadway, 
are both satisfactory for those in search of novelties. Some of the finest and 
newest effects in dress trimmings may be found at the latter place; while 
Daniell's occasionally holds out the charm of a reallj' good bargain. 

McCreery's, on Broadway, is a reliable firm, whose fur department must 
not be overlooked. Here reliable furs are sold at very reasonable prices, made 
up in excellent styles. The silk department, just off the fur department, yields 
a varied and good assortment. 

Macy's, on Fourteenth Street, is the home of bargains. This is an enor- 
mous establishment, and one always crowded. 

Here one may buy anythmg that can be bought in a dry goods, tin, boot, 
carpenter, oculist's, milliner, book or stationery shop. So it will be seen that 
the variety is wonderful. Here manj^ stage belles buy their slippers, and 
theatrical shoes are made to order; an easy and stylish boot is produced, that 
the drawing-room as well as the theatre inmates seek for. 

All sorts of dishes are in the basement as well as an assortment of 
wicker goods. 

In fact there is only one Macy's, and it must be seen. 

Ridley's, down on Grand Street, is the largest shop in the city in its 
special line. Dry goods of all sorts, including an attractive millinery depart- 
ment, and also a complete line of toilet articles, are the temptations that beset 
the women who shop this far down town. The carpet department must not 
be forgotten. There is also a branch shop at 289 Grand Street, and this makes 
a specialty of furniture. 



162 STORES.— STREET CARS. 

Altman's is on Sixth Avenue, and here some of the finest ladies in town 
do their sliopping; in fact mucii the same class of custom is drawn here that 
one finds in Lord & Taylor's, Arnold & Constable's, etc. Ladies cannot do 
better in buying ready-made gowns than to give Altman's a trial. 

Simpson, Crawford & Simpson, on Sixth Avenue, not far from Altman's, 
is a reasonable and altogether satisfactory shop. A shoe department, in con- 
nection with this store, is said to be very fine. The millinerj^ department is 
not too high-priced for the limited purse. 

Ehrich's, also on Sixth Avenue, and convenient to the Twenty-third 
Street crosstown cars, is most accessible to shoppers coming on these belt 
lines from the ferries. Here a large, cheap and varied stock is at the service 
of the buyer. Rare bargains are picked up here on certain advertised da^'s. 

Koch's, and D. M. Williams & Co., on One Hundred and Twen..y-fifth 
Street, give out weekly announcements that the bargain hunters would do 
well to investigate. 

Sterns', on Twenty-third Street, is too well-known for much mention. 
Here imported garments, rare novelties in trimmings, and in fact, an enor- 
mous stock, including leather goods, a millinery, a shoe and bric-a-brac depart- 
ment. The silk counter is one where some very clever " matching " of 
samples is done, for this firm has always a full stock of unique shades. To up- 
town buyers, 

Bloomingdale's has attractions. This place appeals to those having lim- 
ited purse strings. It is situated on Third Avenue. 

JEWELRY STORES. 

Tiffany's, in Union Square, is the most prominent jewelry store in the 
city, and deservedly so — for here one may buy every kind of ornamental jew- 
elry of the newest fashion and be sure of getting a genuine article 

Mrs. T. Lynch, also in Union Square, is another emporium of rare and 
costh^ things, ancient and modern. 

There are also Jacques and Marcus, Dreicer, Benedict, Pickslay, Lindo, A. 
D. Wilson, and a host of others. 

STREET CARS. 

The street car service of New York and Brooklyn is very extensive and 
well regulated, but 3'et it is not all-embracing, nor, indeed, sufficient for the 
wants of the public. 

The cars are comfortable, roomy, and easy of motion; the conductors 
civil, mostly, and the horses well fed and competent to do their work; the 
speed is fair, and the lines are well mapped out. But there are not 3^et enough, 
and the law requiring every passenger to have a seat is openly ignored. 

People hang on to the straps, so consideratelj'^ provided for their suspen- 
sion, like old clothes in Baxter Street, and women are frequently' left to stand 
while selfish men sit at their ease. This will bo remedied, it is promised, in the 
near future, when more powerful means of traction will be in use, and horses 
will be banished from our car lines in favor of cable or electric traction. 

Besides the Rapid Transit, underground roads will relieve the congestion 
of the Surface and Elevated systems. May that day of joy soon arrive ! 



STREET CARS. 163 

HORSE CAR LINES. — NORTH AND SOUTH. 

Belt Line, East Side. — From South Ferry through Whitehall Street to 
South, to Broad, to Water, to Old Slip, to South Street, to Corlears, to 
Grand, to Goerck, to Houston, to Avenue D, to East Fourteenth Street, to 
Avenue A, to East Twenty-third Street, to First Avenue, to Fifty-ninth 
Street, to Central Park, to Tenth Avenue, to West Fifty-third Street, passing 
East River ferries below East Fifty-ninth Street. 

Belt Line, West Side.— From South Ferry through Whitehall Street, to 
Bowling Green, to Battery Place, to West Street, to Tenth Avenue, to Fifty- 
third Street, passing near North River ferries, connects with East Side 
Belt Line. 

Bleecker Street and Fulton Ferry Line. — From Fulton Ferry, Fulton 
Street to William, to Ann, to Broadway, to Bleecker, to Macdougal, to 
Fourth, to West Twelfth, to Hudson, to West Fourteenth, to Ninth Avenue, 
to West Twenty -third Street Ferry, Erie Railroad Depot, returning by West 
Twenty-third Street to Ninth Avenue, to West Fourteenth Street, to Hudson, 
to Bleecker, to Broadway, to Park Row, to Beekman, to South, to Fulton 
Ferry; also branch line from the Brooklyn Bridge to Centre Street, to 
Leonard, to Elm, to Canal, to Broadway, connecting with the main line. 

City Hall, Avenue B and Thirty-fourth Street Line. — From Ann Street 
to Park Row, to East Broadway, to Clinton Street, to Avenue B, to East 
Fourteenth Street, to First Avenue, to East Thirty-fourth Street Ferry, Long 
Island Railroad Depot. 

Dry Dock and East Broadway Line. — From Ann Street to Park Row, to 
East Broadway, to Grand Street, to Columbia, to Avenue D, to East Four- 
teenth Street, to Avenue A, to East Twenty-third Street Ferry. 

Eighth Avenue Line. — From Broadway, corner Vesey Street, through 
Vesey to Church, to Chambers, to West Broadway, to Canal Street, to Hud- 
son, to Eighth Avenue, to Fifty-ninth Street, Central Park ; branch line from 
Broadway and Canal Street to Eighth Avenue and West One Hundred and 
Fifty-fourth Street. 

Fourth Avenue Line. — From the Post-Office, Broadway, through Park 
Row, to Centre Street, to Grand, to Bowery, Fourth Avenue, to Forty-second 
Street, Grand Central Depot. Passengers are transferred without extra 
charge at Thirty-second Street to the Thirty-fourth Street Ferry Line. — T.ladi- 
son Avenue Line from Forty-second Street to Vanderbilt Avenue, to Forty- 
fourth Street, to Madison Avenue, to One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Street; 
transfer tickets without charge at Eighty-sixth Street, for Astoria Ferry. 

First and Second Avenue Line, — From Fulton Ferry via Fulton Street to 
Water, to Peck Slip, to South, to Oliver, to Park Row, to Bowery, to Grand 
Street, to Forsyth, to Houston, to Second Avenue, to Harlem River. — Worth 
Street Branch, from Worth Street and Broadway bo Park Row, to Harlem 
River. — Astor Place Branch, from Astor Place and Broadway to Second 
Avenue, to East Fifty-ninth Street, to First Avenue, to Harlem River. 

Ninth Avenue Line. — From Broadway, corner Fulton Street, via Fulton, 
to Greenwich, to Ninth Avenue, to Boulevard, to Amsterdam Avenue, to 
West One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Street. 



164 STREET CARS. 

Seventh Avenue Line. — From Park Place and Broadway to Church 
Street, to Canal, to Sullivan, to West Third, to Macdougal, to Eighth 
Street, to Greenwich Avenue, to Seventh Avenue, to Fifty-first Street. 

Sixth Avenue Line. — From Vesey Street and Broadway'- via Vesey Street, 
to Church, to Chambers, to West Broadway, to Canal Street, to Varick, to 
Carmine, to Sixth Avenue, to West Fifty-ninth Street, to Central Park. 

EAST AND WEST. 

Avenue C Line. — From Chambers Street Ferry via West Street, to 
Charlton, to Prince, to Bowerj^, to Stanton Street, to Pitt, to Avenue C, to 
East Eighteenth Street, to Avenue A, to East Twenty-third Street, West to 
First Avenue, to East Thirty-fifth, to Lexington Avenue, to Forty-second 
Street Grand Central Depot. 

Central Crosstown Line. — From East Twenty-third Street Ferr}^ via 
Twenty-third Street, to Avenue A, to East Eighteenth Street, to Broadway, 
to Fourteenth Street, to Seventh Avenue, to West Eleventh Street, to West 
Street, to Christopher Street Ferry. 

Chambers Street Line. — Frcfm Chambers Street to North River via West 
Street, to Duane, to New Chambers, to James Slip. 

Christopher and Tenth Street Line. — From Christopher Street Ferry, 
through Christopher, to Greenwich Avenue, to Eighth Street, to Avenue A, 
to East Tenth Street, to the Ferry. 

Desbrosses, Vestry and Grand Street Line. — From Grand Street, East 
River, through Grand to Sullivan, to Vestry, to Greenwich, to Desbrosses, to 
Desbrosses Street Ferry. 

Forty-second Street and Grand Street Line. — From Weehawken Ferry, 
foot of West Forty-second Street to Tenth Avenue, to West Thirtj^ fourth 
Street to Broadway, to East Twenty-third Street, to Fourth Avenue, to East 
Fourteenth Street, to Avenue A, to East Houston, to Cannon, to Grand, to 
Ferry. 

Forty-second Street and Boulevard Line. — From East Thirty-fourth 
Street, via First Avenue, to East Forty-second Street, to West Forty-second 
Street, to Seventh Avenue, to Broadway, to West Fifty-ninth Street, to the 
Boulevard, to Manhattan Street, to One Hundred and Thirtieth Street Ferr3^ 

Fourteenth Street and Union Square Line. — From Fourth Avenue, via 
East and West Fourteenth Streets, to Ninth Avenue, to W^ashington Street, 
to Christopher Street Ferry. 

Fulton Street Line. — From Fulton Ferry through Fulton Street to West 
Street, Liberty, Cortlandt, and Barclay Street Ferries. 

Grand and Cortlandt Street Line. — From Grand Street Ferry, East 
River, via Grand Street, to East Broadway, to Canal Street, to Walker, to 
West Broadway, to North Moore Street, to Washington, to Cortlandt Street 
Ferry 

Metropolitan Crosstown Line. — From Grand Street Ferrj', East River, 
to Delancey, to Bower^^, to Spring, to South Fifth Avenue, to Fourth Street, 
to Macdougal, to Eighth, to Greenwich Avenue, to Seventh Avenue, to West 
Twenty-third Street, to Pa vonia Ferry, Erie Railroad Depot. 



STEEET CAES.— TELEGRAPH AND CABLE EATES. 165 

St. Nicholas Avenue and One Hundred and Tenth Street Line. — From 
First Avenue, through One Hundred and Tenth Street, to St. Nicholas Ave- 
nue, to Manhattan Street, to Ferry foot of One Hundred and Thirtieth Street. 

Twent3'-third Street Line. — From foot of East Twentj^-third Street, to 
Pavonia Ferry, foot of West Twenty-third Street, also from West Twenty- third 
Street to Second Avenue, to Twenty-eighth Street, to First Avenue, to East 
Thirty-fourth Street Ferry. 

CABLE LINES. 

Broadway. — From South Ferry, to Whitehall Street, to Broadway, to 
Seventh Avenue, to Fifty-ninth Street, Central Park. 

Third Avenue. — From Broadway, at the Post-office, via Park Row, to the 
Bower}', to Third Avenue, to Harlem Bridge, at One Hundred and Thirtieth 
Street. 

One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street and Amsterdam Avenue. — From foot 
of East One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street, through East and West One 
Hundred and Twenty-fifth Streets to Manhattan and Amsterdam Avenues, 
to West One Hundred and Eighty-sixth Street; also from foot of East One 
Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street, to Ferry foot of West One Hundred and 
Thirtieth Street. 

ELECTRIC LINES. 

Harlem, Morrisania, Tremont and Fordham. — From East One Hundred 
and Thirtieth Street and Third Avenue. 

Harlem and West Farms. — From East One Hundred and Thirtieth Street 
and Third Avenue. 

OMNIBUS LINES. 

Fifth Avenue. — From Bleecker Street, via South Fifth Avenue, Wash- 
ington Square and Fifth Avenue, to East Eightj^-eighth Street. Fare, five 
cents. 

Central Park. — From corner of Fifth Avenue and East Seventy-second 
Street, through the Park, to West Seventy-second Street, to the Boulevard. 
Fare, ten cents. 



It is important to observe that cars will stop onl}' at the farthest crossing 
on their progress up or down town, and that any passenger who boards a 
car while it is in motion, does so at his own risk. 

TELEGRAPH AND CABLE RATES. 

For messages within a short distance of New York City a charge of twenty 
cents for ten words is made ; after the ten w^ords one cent is charged for each 
additional word. These rates include messages sent to Philadelphia, some 
near towns in New Jersey, and Brooklyn. 

Messages to all further parts of America are, of course, charged more 
highly for. 



166 TELEGRAPH AND CABLE RATES.— TURKISH AND RUSSIAN BATHS. 

Night messages are taxed but half price, but the message must be sent 
to some distance to warrant the reduction of price. No night message is 
charged less than 25 cents. 

Telegraph offices are found in every railroad station, and also within 
walking distance from any part of the city. 

The principal cable offices are : 

American Telegraph and Cable Company, 195 Broadway ; The Direct 
U. S. Cable Company, 40 Broadway ; the Central and South American Cable 
Company, 39 Wall Street ; the Pedro Segundo American Telegraph and Cable 
Company, 44 Broadway ; Compagnie Frangaise Telegraph du Paris a New 
York, 34 Broad Street ; Anglo-American Telegraph Companj^, 8 Broad Street; 
Comimercial Cable Company, 8 and 10 Broad Street. 

The cable message containing ten words is charged a certain figure ; each 
additional word is charged for separately. 

Cable messages are delivered free within the city limits. 

Cable rates per word to some of the large foreign cities and countries are : 
Denmark, 35 cents; France, 25 cents; Gibraltar, 43 cents; Japan, $2.21; 
Russia, 43 cents ; China, $1.96 ; Great Britain and Ireland, 25 cents ; Greece, 
43 cents ; Norway, 35 cents ; Portugal, 39 cents ; Persia, 84 cents ; Germany, 
25 cents; Spain, 40 cents; Switzerland, 30 cents; Brazil, $1.55; Peru, $2.25, 
etc., etc., 

TURKISH AND RUSSIAN BATHS. 

Turkish and Russian baths may be had at the Hoffman House. The 
large "plunge" or tank, is sunk in the floor of the Russian bath room, 
which is composed almost entirely of marble. 

To one who has never taken a Russian bath and desires to make the ex- 
periment, a description of the process may not be amiss. The guest is shown 
into a dormitor}^, and one of the many little rooms is placed at his service. 
The room contains a chair, a divan, and hooks for clothing. After divesting 
one's self of all garments, and putting on a sheet, one is directed to go out 
into the big marble room ; here many bathers sit, but the heavy steam make 
them almost unseen by each other. After sitting a certain length of time, 
one half-hour being sufficient for the average person, the bather is put on a 
marble slab to undergo a complete scrubbing and massage at the hands of one 
of the attendants. After this one lies on the divan in the little room from 
which the^^ came, and after a short siesta an attendant will rub the bather 
down with alcohol or cologne, as a preventative of taking cold. For this last 
service a tip to the attendant is expected. 

The Turkish baths differ from the Russian in that dry heat is employed 
instead of steam. There are several rooms, each one hotter than the preced- 
ing one, that the bather must pass through before lying on the slab to be 
shampooed by the attendant. 

A dip in the " plunge " is in order after either of these baths, and it is an 
excellent preventative against taking cold. 

On Seventy-second Street, in the Hotel Premier, one may also find most 
satisfactory Turkish and Russian baths ; these are quieter and more exclu- 



TURKISH AND RUSSIAN BATHS.— TELEPHONE SERVICE. 167 

sive bath rooms. They may be reached by the Third Avenue Elevated or 
the Madison Avenue surface car. Everard's Turkish and Russian baths, No. 
28 West Twenty- eighth Street, near Broadway, are magnificently appointed 
and most luxurious in the various appliances provided for the cleansing- of the 
skin and the searching out of weak places to be strengthened b}^ the healing 
waters. 

A reall}" commodious bath of this kind is in the basement of the Produce 
Exchange Building, on Lower Broadw^ay. The plunge here is very roomy, 
and is supplied with a continuous change of water from the bay at every 
flood tide, thus avoiding the contamination of the citj^'s drainage. 

TELEPHONE SERVICE. 

The Cit}^ of New York possesses the most perfect system of telephones in 
the world, although a stranger would hear or see but little to impress him 
with that fact, owning to the quiet, business-like, unostentatious manner in 
which the immense system is conducted. 

The business is under the control of the Metropohtan Telephone and 
Telegraph Company, the headquarters of which is at 18 Cortlandt Street, 
with branches at Eighteenth Street, Seventy-ninth Street, Columbus Avenue 
and Harlem. There is also an important station in Broad Street. 

From these places conversations can be held with, not only this city, but 
with Chicago and all intermediate points to the Westward ; Baltimore and 
Washington to the Southward, and Boston and Portland to the Eastward. 

The public paj^ stations, at the sign of the Blue Bell, are as follows : 
Broadway, 40T. Ninth Avenue, 226. 

Broadway, 599. Ninth Avenue, 1509. 

Broadway, 1512. Second Avenue, 1102. 

Canal Street, 304. Seventh Avenue and One Hundred 

Centre Street, 2. and Eighteenth Street. 

Columbus Avenue and Ninety -sixth Seventh Avenue, 2300. 

Street. Sixth Avenue and Forty-second 

Cortlandt Street, 18. Street. 

Eighth Avenue, 2536. Sixth Avenue, 812. 

Fifth Avenue, 397. Tenth Avenue and One Hundred and 

Fifth Avenue, 539. Fifty-fifth Street. 

Fourteenth Street, East, 5. Third Avenue, 513. 

Fulton Street, 32. Third Avenue, 1444. 

Hudson Street, 362. Wall Street, 10. 

Madison Avenue, 763. West One Hundred and Twenty- fifth 

Madison Avenue, 987. Street, 264. 



108 



WATERWAY TRANSPORTATION.— YACHTING. -POPULATION. 



WATERWAY TRANSPORTATION. 

New York is a point from which waterways lead all over the world, and 
the floating' palaces that bear the traveling- public are unrivaled. 

The Cunard, White Star, Guion, Inman, National, North German, 
Lloyd's and Corapagnie Generale Transatlantique, are the principal lines 
sailing to Europe, and these are supplemented by fleets of other ships of all 
tonnage and power, together with a coast service unequaled in the world. 

For the location of docks, see Section 1, Map of New York. 



YACHTING. 

Of late years the notable sport of yachting has developed wonderfully in 
New York and its dependent towns, and the vessels employed are probably 
the swiftest to be found anywhere. The leading club answering to the Royal 
Yacht Squadron of England is the New York Club, which holds the celebrated 
"America" Cup, won in British waters in the yeabV 1851, by the schooner 
"America," and, as yet, remaining in its possession in spite of many spirited 
attempts to recapture it on the part of the most eminent English yachts. 

The stations of the various clubs are as follows: 

American — Milton Point, Rye. 

Atlantic Bay Ridge. 

Columbia W. Eighty-sixth Street, North River. 

Corinthian Tompkinsville, Staten Island. 

Harlem One Hundred and Twentj^-first Street, Harlem River. 

Hudson River West Ninety-second Street, North River. 

Manhattan East Eighty-ninth Street, East River. 

{ Bay Ridge, White Stone, New London, Shelter Island, Newport, 
New York.. -| and Vineyard Haven; Club House, 67 Madison Avenue, New 

(York. 
Seawanhaka Corinthian Oyster Bay, Long Island. 



POPULATION OF LARGE CITIES. 



London 4,331,431 

Paris 2,344,550 

New York 1,710,715 

Canton. . , 1,600,000 

Berlin 1,579,244 

Toiiio, Japan 1,309,684 

Vienna 1,364,548 

Chicago 1,098,576 

Philadelphia 1,044,894 

St. Petersburg 956,226 

Constantinople 873,565 

Brooklyn 853,945 

Calcutta 840,130 

Bombay 804,470 

Moscow 753,469 

Glasgow 565,714 

Buenos Ayres 546,986 

Naples 530,872 

Liverpool 517,951 

Buda-Pesth 506,384 

Manchester 505.343 

Peking, China 500,000 

Melbourne 488,999 

Osaka, Japan 476,271 

Madrid 472,228 

Brussels 469,317 

St. Louis 460,357 

Madras 449,9-0 

Boston 446,507 



Warsaw 443,426 

Baltimore 435,151 

Birmingham 429,171 

Rome 423,217 

Amsterdam 417,539 

Milan 414,551 

Lyons 401,930 

Sydney 386,400 

Marseilles 376,143 

Cairo 368,108 

Leeds 367,506 

Rio de Janeiro 357,332 

Shanghai 355,000 

Leipzig 353,372 

Munich 348,317 

Breslau 335,174 

Mexico 329,535 

Sheffield 324,2(3 

Hamburg 323,f 28 

Turin 320,808 

Copenhagen 312,387 

Prague 304,000 

San Francisco 297,990 

Cincinnati 296,309 

Cologne 281,273 

Kioto, Japan 279,792 

Dresden 276.085 

Lucknow 272,590 

Barcelona 272,481 



Odessa 270, 

Palermo 267, 

Cleveland 261, 

Edmburgh 261, 

Belfast 855, 

Dublin 254, 

Buffalo ... 254, 

Seoul, Corea 250, 

Stockholm 246, 

Lisbon 24a, 

New Orleans 241, 

Bordeaux . 240, 

Pittsburg 238, 

Santiago, Chili 236, 

Washington 229, 

Alexandria 227, 

Benares 223, 

Bucharest 221. 

Bristol, Eng 221. 

Hong Kong 221, 

Montreal 216, 

Bradford, Eng 216, 

Antwerp 215, 

Nottingham, Eng 211, 

Teheran, Persia 210, 

Rotterdam 209. 

Genoa «i06. 

Detroit 205, 

Milwaukee 204, 



643 
416 
546 
,261 
896 
,709 
,457 
,000 
,154 
,297 
,995 
,582 
,473 
,412 
,796 
,064 
,420 
,805 
,665 
.141 
.650 
,361 
,779 
,984 
,000 
,136 
,485 
.669 
,105 



LOOKING FORWARD. 169 



LOOKING FORWARD. 

Having-, to the best of our abilit}^, described the present and glanced at the 
past of our fair city, it is meet that we turn our inward sight towards the future 
and its promise of a greatness such as our worthy forefathers never dreamt 
of, but which we, with our lately acquired power of clairvoyance, can "see as 
in a glass, darkl^^" It is an old saying, and one worthy of observance, that 
"Coming events cast their shadows before," and, even as modern photo- 
graphic art catches the spectrum of a star heretofore invisible even in the 
most powerful telescopes, our camera shall catch the prophetic shadows that 
prefigure the things to be, and fix them on our pages. 

We behold, "in our mind's eye," a wide-spread city of palaces stretching 
far beyond the circumscribed boundary of the island of Manna-ha-ta, absorb- 
ing the great town of Brooklyn, and the smaller Long Island City, Astoria, 
New Rochelle, Pelham, Yonkers, Mount Vernon, and their connecting vil- 
lages, and overflowing into our neighboring State, New Jersej^, which will be 
"though in us, j^et not of us." We see these places joined by streets and 
avenues of width and splendor unequaled in the world, free to copy the 
good and eschew the evil of older cities. Not crushed into insignificance 
by fortifications or vested interests, nor constrained by lack of back country 
for the supplying of its wants, but cherished and ministered to by fertile 
plains round about and by unlimited convenience of importation both by 
land and sea. 

We see the Sound and the great river bridged and tunneled, till, instead 
of obstacles to extension, they become helps and adornments — things of beauty 
to the eye and means of health to the body. 

We behold their sparkling waters unpolluted by the drainage of the great 
city, which will be got rid of in the good old Biblical fashion, by fire, and left 
to glitter in the beams of the sun by day and of the moon by night, even as 
they did before the first white man's foot had touched these shores, and the 
mighty Mohegan rolled in silver to the sea. 

A vision rises before us of swift trains of contented passengers speeding 
along underground ways, without danger or inconvenience, free from noxious 
smells, or indiscriminate crowding, and quietly seated instead of hanging by 
straps round their thumbs like a militia private. 

And we get a glance — as yet dim and doubtful, but still full of hope — of 
an orderly system of cabs and coaches, clean and swift, with civil drivers and 
pneumatic tires, at fares that are not highway robbery, but decent remuner- 
ation for work done. 

And there stretches out to my astonished sight a panorama of clean, 
smooth, well-kept, noiseless streets, paved with asphaltum, laid over arched 
culverts which hold the electric wires, gas, steam, water pipes and hot air 
tubes, that supply light, heat, and water to the city. 



170 LOOKING FORWARD. 

Upon this pavement glide cars moved by unseen, and, better still, unsmelt 
means, with polite conductors and civil brakemen, so that it is a pleasure to 
travel in them, and in which none are permitted to enter when once the seats 
are filled, and those who cannot exist without poisoning" others by the odor of 
cheap cigars are forced to go on top, instead of spreading pestilence around 
from the front platforms. 

In the dim perspective, a sage assembly of sedate men appears, seated in 
a lofty chamber and presided over by a dignified personage of benevolent 
aspect, who guides but does not dictate the votes of his colleagues. This 
assembly is the future mayor and corporation of the great metropolis; its 
members are selected by the majority vote of the property holders and men 
of busmess who have a stake in the prosperity of the to%vn. From this 
chamber issue all the decrees and orders that concern the good of the city, 
and no interference with its decisions is tolerated, whether emanating from 
the State or the Federal Legislatures. The city is emphatically^ a "free 
town." 

The police of the future is modeled on the same basis as that of all other 
great cities, but its efficiency is vastly increased by being entirely dissociated 
from politics. No man has a * ' pull " over his colleagues, but all work together 
for the public good, and the members are chosen by the mayor and corpor- 
ation from a respectable class of society, after a common sense examination 
as to the laws and customs of the city they are appointed to protect but not 
to oppress. At short intervals the streets are patroled by these men, 
uniformed and armed for defense, not offense. Their officers are men of stand- 
ing in the community, and men and officers all are appointed for life, entering 
the force at not less than twenty-five years of age, and being retired on liberal 
pensions at the age of sixty. Their pay is sufficient to keep them above tempt- 
ation to malfeasance in office, and their pensions make it worth their while to 
be honest and faithful to their duty. 

• The fire department is much as before, save that it is infinitely raised in 
rank and public opinion, taking, in fact, precedence of the police and National 
Guard, as a municipal force, on the ground that, being always in the face of 
the enemy, so to speak, it is eminently entitled to all the privileges and honors 
of an army in active service. 

But the basis of all these improvements, in the future, lies in the changes 
of the School Department. 

The branches of study are confined to such as are truly useful to the 
budding citizen, and all the fancy embroidery, which takes up so much time 
and gives so little real profit, is left to the student's own exertions in what- 
ever particular line of study suits his bent. 

No student is forced to learn anything but the elements of a liberal 
education, namely: reading, writing and arithmetic; for the authorities, 
appointed by the people, are of opinion that it would be quite as jusb to tax 
people in order to furnish lace and ribbons to deck other people's children, as 
to provide ornamental additions to their mental equipment. 

The schools of the future are for the purpose of bringing up good citizens, 
not brilliant show folk. 



LOOKING FORWAED. I'^l 

One of the most remarkable improvements in the new city of Manhattan 
as compared with the ancient New York will be the magnificent granite quays 
that line the North and East Rivers instead of the tumble-down wooden 
wharves that used to make traps for the feet of the unwary, and convenient 
haunts for vagrants and thieves. 

The quays of the future metropolis will be wide, well lighted, built of solid 
blocks of granite, and smooth with asphalt and marble. 

Thousands of gigantic vessels are moored alongside, bearing the flags of 
all nations, but flaunting conspicuously the Stars and Stripes, which stream 
from the mastheads of at least two-thirds of their number, for the abolition 
of all restrictions on commerce and of the old-fashioned navigation laws has 
restored the marine of the United States to its proper condition of prosperity. 

The theatres— and of them there are many— no longer reek with immodesty 
nor disgust by vulgarity. Following in the course laid down by Wallack, 
Palmer and Frohman, they present the drama pure and simple. Cosmopolitan, 
'tis true, for no one country can furnish means for a drama pecuhar to 
itself, at 'least to any extent. The stage of the future " holds the mirror up to 
nature," and shows mankind as he is, or as he ought to be, without distinction 
of place, race or manners. 

Satire is not excluded, but malice is. Comedy includes satire, but tragedy 
needs not have recourse to malice. There are funny things enough to laugh 
at, and sad things to weep over without wounding the feelings or shocking 
the sensibilities of our fellow-men, and of such is the drama of the future in 
our great metropolis. 

Opera has advanced to that mingling of old and new styles which shows 
true art as distinguished from fad. People admire Wagner, but no longer 
worship him. They have learned to choose the good and to avoid the evil, 
and all schools are welcomed so they be but good of their kind. 

So is it with matters musical and pictorial. Long hair and affected 
inspiration do not pass for genius, and people have advanced to that state of 
culture in which they can discern good things from bad, even in pianists and 

painters. 

The town is full of libraries, museums, and art centres, all of which are open 
continually, and all of them spreading light and sweetness over society, which 
is no longer a game of speculation in fair women and wealthy men, but a 
rational re-union of kindred souls bent on mutual aid and improvement. 

The rich endow all these things— theatres, that the managers may not 
be forced into fatal concessions to the vulgar taste; art galleries and museums, 
that sensational tricks need not be resorted to for the drawing of dollars, and 
libraries, that the poor may have food for their minds even as the public 
charitable institutions supply food for the body 

And even as I bethought me of these things to come, the corner-stone of 
the great Cathedral is laid, and the nucleus of the quarter in which an, society 
and polite letters shall reign begins to arise. 



172 



INDEX. 



iisr D E X 



PAGE. 

Academy of Design 58 

Academy of Design — Brooklyn 102 

Academy, Lee Avenue — Brooklpi 106 

Academy of Music 131 

Academy of Music — Brooklyn 101 

Academy of Science 159 

Academy of the Sacred Heart 116 

Adams' Express Co 136 

Aldermanic Chamber 40 

American Art Association 138 

American District Telegraph Co 149 

American Museum of Natural History. . 88 

American Water Color Society 137 

American Yacht Club 168 

Amphion Theatre— Brooklyn 105 

Amusements 125 

Apprentices' Library 148 

Aquatics 160 

Aqueduct— Croton 93 

Arion Society 73 

Arsenal (old) '^^ 

Artists, American Society of 137 

Art Exhibitions 137 

Asbury Park 114 

Assay Office 28 

Astor House 35 

Astor Library 50 

Astoria 60 

Athletic Clubs 160 

Babylon 112 

Baggage Inspection 129 

Banks 129 

Bartholdi Statue 13 

Barge Office 1''' 

Base Ball 160 

Baths 166 

Battery Park 16 

Bedford Avenue Theatre— Brooklyn. . . 105 

Ben Franklin, Statue of 31 

Bethesda Fountain, The 81 

Beecher, Henry Ward 98 

Bible House 51 

Bicycling 160 

Blackwell's Island 131 

Block House 89 

Board of Education 50 

Board of Health 142 



PAGE. 

Bowery 49 

Bowling Green 19 

Brighton Beach 110 

Broadway 31 

Brooklyn Club 105 

Brooklyn Library 106 

Brooklyn Tabernacle, The 103 

Cab and Coach Fares 143 

Cable Rates 166 

Carnegie Music Hall 73 

Carousal, The 81 

Castle Garden 17 

Cathedral of St. John the Divine 90 

Cathedral, St. Patrick's 69 

Cemetery, Greenwood 107 

Central Park 77 

Cesnola Collection 86 

Chamber of Commerce 33 

Charities and Corrections 130 

Chatham Square 48 

Chinatown 47 

Chop Houses 154 

Churches— N. Y 131 

Church of the Pilgi'ims — Brooklyn 103 

City Hall— N. Y 38 

City HaU— Brooklyn 96 

City Hospital— Brooklyn 101 

Clinton Avenue — Brooklyn 103 

Clubs 145 

Columbia College 68 

Concerts 138 

Coney Island 110 

Consolidated Stock and Petroleum Ex- 
change 33 

Convent Sacred Heart 116 

Cooper Institute 148 

Cotton Exchange 30 

Court House, Covmty 40 

Court House — Brooklyn 98 

Criterion Theatre—Brooklyn 105 

Cricket 160 

Croton Aqueduct 93 

Custom House 30 

Daly, Angustin 136 

Divine Service 131 

Division Street 49 

Delmonico's 60 



INDEX. 



173 



PAGE. 

Driving 160 

East River Bridge 42 

East River Bridge Terminus— Brooklyn. 96 

Eighth Regiment Armory 74 

Elevated Railroads 18. 42, 136 

Elberon 114 

Ellis Island 14 

Emmett, Thomas Addis— Obelisk to 35 

Empire Theatre 122 

Equitable Building 31 

Esplanade, The , 81 

Essex Street 50 

Express Service 136 

Farragut, Statue of 58 

Fifth Avenue 57 

Fine Arts 137 

Fire Department 138 

Fire Island 10 

Fisk, Jr., Jas 126 

Five Points Mission 45 

Football 160 

Foreign Consuls 139 

Fort Hamilton 12 

Fort Lafayette 12 

Fort Lee 115 

Fort "Wadsworth 12 

Fom'teenth Street 56 

Franklin, Ben., Statue of 31 

Fraunces Tavern 18 

Fulton Market 149 

Fulton Street— Brooklyn 98 

Garden Theatre 60 

Gould, Jay 67 

Governor's Island 14 

Governor's Room — City Hall 40 

Grace Church 54 

Gramercy Park 56 

Grand Central Depot 66 

Grand Street 50 

Grand Opera House — Brooklyn 105 

Grant's Tomb 90 

Greeley, Horace 41, 108 

Greenvs^ood Cemetery 107 

Hack and Cab Regulations 142 

Hamilton Club — Brooklyn 105 

Harbor, The 9 

Harbor Police 17 

Harlem River 92 

Health Department 142 

Herald Building, The 62 

High Bridge 93 

Historical Society 52 

Historical Society — Brooklyn 102 

Hoffman House 60 



PAGE. 

Hospital, The New York 58 

Hotels 139 

Holy Trinity Church— Brooklyn 100 

Hudson River 115 

Immigrant Station 14 

Irvington 116 

Jamaica Bay 112 

Jefferson Club — Brooklyn 105 

John St. Methodist Church 34 

Judge Building, The 58 

Kings County Court House 98 

Lafayette, Statue of 53, 56 

Lakes— Central Park 83 

Lawrence, Captain, Monument to 23 

Law Courts 144 

Lenox Library 74 

Liberty, Statue of 13 

Libraries 147 

Lincoln Club — Brooklyn 105 

Lincoln, Statue of 56, 106 

Lohengrin Boats 80 

Long Beach 112 

Long Branch 114 

Long Island Historical Society 108 

Looking Backward 120 

Looking Forward 169 

Lookout Carriage Concourse — Brooklyn 106 

Ludlow Street Jail 50 

Madison Square Garden 60 

Madison Square 58 

Mail and Express Building 34 

Mall, The 81 

Manhattan Beach 110 

Manhattan Club 62 

Manhattan Athletic Club 67 

Masonic Temple 158 

Memorial Arch — Brooklyn 106 

Menagerie, The 78 

Messenger Service 149 

Methodist General Hospital —Brooklyn . 104 

Metropolitan Museum of Art 86 

Metropolitan Opera House 65 

Money Orders '. . . . 152 

Montgomery, Major Gen. , Tomb of 35 

Monmouth Beach 1 13 

Morgue, The 131 

Morningside Park 89 

Morris Park Race Course 153 

Mount St. Vincent 116 

Mulberry Bend 47 

Municipal Building — Brooklyn 98 

Museum of Natural History 88 

Narrows, The 12 

National Guard 150 



174 



INDEX. 



PAGE. 

Navesink Highland 10 

Naval Hospital — Brooklyn 104 

Navy Yard, Brooklyn 103 

Naval Lyceum — Brooklyn 104 

Newburg 118 

New York Harbor 9 

News boy a' Lodging House 44 

Newspapers 150 

New York Yacht Club 168 

New York Hospital 58 

New York Stock Exchange 28 

Norton's Point 10 

Obelisk, The 83 

Observatory or Belvidere 88 

Ocean Grove 115 

Ocean Parkway 107 

Oldest House in New York 34 

Packer Institute — Brooklyn 106 

Park Row 40 

Palisades, The 116 

Petroleum Exchange 23 

Players' Club 145 

Plymouth Church 96 

Police Department 151 

Polytechnic Institute — Brooklyn 106 

Population of Large Cities 168 

Postal Information 152 

Post-office 38 

Pratt Institute 106 

Presbyterian Churches 134 

Produce Exchange 20 

Prospect Park 106 

Pulitzer Building 40, 41 

Quarantine 12 

Railroads 1 55 

Ramble, The 88 

Raymond Street Jail — Brooklyn 101 

Real Estate Exchange 32 

Redoubt, The Old 89 

Registered Letters 152 

Register's Office, The 42 

Reservoir, Croton 88 

Restaurants 154 

Rialto, The 122 

Riding 160 

Riverside Park 89 

Rockaway Beach 112 

Roman Catholic Churches 134 

Rowing 160 

Russian Baths 166 

Sandy Hook 10 

Savings Banks 129 

Seabright 113 

Seventh Regiment Armory 74 



PAGE. 

Shakespeare, Statue of 81 

Sheepshead Bay Race Track 158 

Sheriff's Office 40 

Signal Service 83 

Sing Sing 117 

Sleepy Hollow 116 

Snug Harbor 12 

Societies 158 

Sports 160 

Staten Island 12 

Statue of Liberty 18 

Staats Zeitung, The 40 

Steamboats 168 

Steamships 168 

Stewart, A. T 63 

Stewart Building 121 

Stock Exchange 26 

Stony Point 118 

Street Cars 162 

Studio Building, The 58 

St. Augustine's Chapel 50 

St. Agnes' Chapel 133 

St. Agnes' Church 133 

St. Bartholomew's Church 134 

St. Francis Xavier Church (R. C.)- • -58, 133 

St. John's M. E. Church 135 

St. John the Divine, Cathedral of 90 

St. Mark's Church 133 

St. Patrick's Cathedral 69, 132 

St. Paul's Chapel 85 

St. Thomas' P. E. Church 184 

Sub Treasury 26 

Symphony Society 128 

Talmage's Tabernacle 1 02 

Tammany 128 

Tappan Zee 116 

Tarrytown 117 

Telegraph Rates 165 

Telephone Service 167 

Temple Beth-El 75 

Temple Emanu-El 67 

Tennis 160 

Terrace, The 81 

Theatres 135 

Tivies Building 39, 40 

Tombs, The 46 

Tribune Building 40, 41 

Trinity Church 23 

Troop A 150 

Trust Companies 130 

Turkish Baths 166 

Union Club 145 

Union League Club— Brooklyn 105 

Union League Club 145, 65 



INDEX. 



175 



PAGE. 

Union Square 55 

University of the City of New York 58 

Upper Bay, The 1^ 

Vanderbilt Houses, The '^0 

"Wall Street 35 

Ward's Island 131 

Washington Arch 57 

Washington Bridge 92 

Washington Market 148 

Washington Park— Brooklyn 10 L 

Washington Statue —Union Square 55 



PAGE. 

Water Color Society 137 

Waterway Transportation 168 

West Brighton HO 

Western Union Telegraph Co 34 

West Point 118 

World Building 40 

Worth Monument 58 

Yachting 168 

Young Men's Christian Association. . 159, 60 
Young Women's Christian Association. 159 



New York is the real capital of the United States. No matter 
in what direction a railroad may be constructed or a telegraph 
wire strung-, its ultimate terminus is New York. Every enterprise 
which is to be promoted, every scheme for the development of 
mines, of water powers, or of any other industry, seeks this city 
for money. Every business which has ramifications beyond the 
place where it is located has a representative and principal ofiBce 
in New York. Men who rise above the surface and outgrow the 
opportunities of their neighborhoods, all come here. The intel- 
lectual forces of the Republic are likewise drawn by irresistible 
laws within our borders. The National committees of the two 
great parties have their headquarters within our city, and conduct 
their campaigns with the limitless opportunities which can be 
found here and nowhere else. The capitol of the Nation can never 
be moved from Washington, but everything which reaches out 
from this real capital into every part of the country, is a power 
for good government and the perpetuity of the Union. — Chaun- 
CEY Depew. 



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